Table 1.

The domains of e-health, involving healthcare administration and support, education, healthcare delivery, and research

Telemedicine and telecare (including disease management services, remote patient monitoring, teleconsultations, and homecare)3 Clinical information systems (electronic medical records, decision support and monitoring of clinical and institutional practice) Integrated regional and national information networks and associated e-referrals and e-prescribing Disease registries and other non-clinical systems used for education, public health, patient/disease-related behaviour, and healthcare management ‘Mobile’ health (m-health) including mobile applications (‘Apps’): medical and public health practice supported by mobile technologies delivering health information, screening patients, monitoring physiological signs, providing direct care and patient education (sometimes considered part of telemedicine,3 but increasingly less medicalized) ‘Personalized’ health (p-health): wearable or implantable micro- and nano-technologies with sensors and/or therapy delivery devices to help facilitate health and social care decision making and delivery (including fall detectors, implantable insulin pumps, defibrillator vests, etc.). ‘Big Data’—large-scale integration and analysis of heterogenous data sources, usually of high volume (amount of data), velocity (speed of data in and out), and variety (range of data types and source)4, ideally linked at the individual person level to provide a more holistic view of a patient/individual and shed light on social and environmental factors that may influence health.5