Figure 3.

Proinflammatory activity by Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced oxidized HDL. (A) Monocytes incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis in the presence of HDL produced significantly higher levels of TNF-α than monocytes treated with CuSO₄ or with HDL alone. (B) Monocytes incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and HDL showed higher MMP-9 activity than cells incubated with HDL alone.

HDL: high-density lipoprotein, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, P.g.: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Control: sample without Porphyromonas gingivalis.

^a) Statistically significant (P<0.05); ^b)Statistically significant (P<0.001).