Fig. 3. TSP-1 recovers neuronal cell viability against Aβ toxicity in HT22 cells and primary hippocampal neurons.

TSP-1 plays a protective role with regards to cell viability against Aβ toxicity. Aβ-mediated cell death in HT22 cells was completely blocked by TSP-1 treatment in a MTT and b Calcein-AM assays. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. vehicle (DMSO)-treated cells; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. Aβ-treated cells. c To visually confirm the protective effect of TSP-1 on cell viability, TUNEL assay was performed in the rat primary hippocampal neurons. TSP-1 treatment considerably decreased DNA fragmentation (shown as brown or black dots) in Aβ-treated primary neurons. Scale bar, 20 μm