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. 2018 Mar 7;9:985. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03379-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The vertical distribution of variables to explain the reasons for the positive value of λ by the global climate model. Distribution of the a λ_lwc, b response of the condensation tendency (P_condensation) to aerosol perturbations (λ_cond), c response of the evaporation tendency (P_evaporation) to aerosol perturbations (λ_evap), and d frequency and relative humidity (RH) over the lower tropospheric stability (LTS)-height from the cloud bottom plane. The number in each grid of d indicates the RH (%) simulated by the GCM. The results over the ocean between 60^o S to 60^o N were used for creating these figures. The cloud bottom was determined as the lowest layer of the grid where the average liquid water content (LWC) was larger than 10⁻⁵ kg kg⁻¹