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. 2018 Mar 7;8:4108. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22339-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Celecoxib alleviates steatosis by restoring autophagic flux in vitro. (a) L02 cells exposed to PA (200 μM) with different concentrations of celecoxib (Cel, 5–40 μM) for 24 h. Celecoxib decreased protein expression of COX-2 compared with control as indicated by western blot. (b) L02 cells were treated with PA (200 μM) and celecoxib (20 μM) for 24 h. Celecoxib combined with PA treatment induced higher protein expression of LC3 II/I and lower protein expression of p62 compared to PA treatment. The value under the band is the ratio of the blot and normalized to control. (c) RFP-GFP-LC3 double fluorescence lentivirus tranfected L02 cells were treated with PA (200 μM) and celecoxib (20 μM) for 24 h. Representative confocal images of GFP-LC3 puncta (green, autophagosomes) and RFP-LC3 puncta (red, autolysosomes), as well as overlay images were shown (1000X). (d,e) L02 cells exposed to PA (200 μM) with celecoxib (20 μM) for 24 h. Intracellular lipid droplets accumulation and TG levels were determined by Oil Red O staining (400X) or TG assay respectively (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).