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. 2018 Mar 7;9:990. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03285-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — GISAXS and water adsorption isotherm characterization of hydrophobic and amphiphilic membranes. a GISAXS characterization of the hydrophobic and amphiphilic-surface-modified membrane showing a similar mesoporous structure. b Linecuts of GISAXS showing the similarity of two membranes. c Photograph of a 25-mm-wide quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) mass sensor coated with a P123-templated mesoporous silica film. d QCM mass increase as a function of % relative humidity (RH) for the hydrophobic and amphiphilic membranes showing sudden water adsorption in the amphiphilic membrane (at RH = 75%) due to the capillary condensation of water vapor on the hydrophilic top surface. The mass of condensed water vapor establishes the water volume, from which we calculate the average thickness of the nano-stabilized liquid membrane geometrically assuming that the amphiphilic-surface modified membrane uniformly coats the QCM device