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. 2018 Mar 7;9(3):381. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0423-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a The survival of N2 worms fed with the EHEC wild-type strain EDL933 (EDL933) and the isogenic deletion strains of nuoH (EDL933:ΔnuoH), arcAB (EDL933:ΔarcAB), and sdhA (EDL933:ΔsdhA) were examined. Deletions of nuoH (median N2 lifespan = 8 ± 0.1 days, P < 0.0001), arcAB (median N2 lifespan = 10 ± 0.1 days, P < 0.0001), and sdhA (median N2 lifespan = 12.5 ± 0.7 days, P < 0.0001) all conferred the attenuated toxic phenotype compared to the wild-type EDL933 (median N2 lifespan = 6.3 ± 0.5 days). The EDL933:ΔsdhA mutant was significantly less toxic compared to both the EDL933:ΔnuoH (P < 0.0001) and EDL933:ΔarcAB (P < 0.0001). b The survival of N2 worms fed with wild-type EDL933 (EDL933) and EDL933:ΔsdhA-pWF134 strain which were cultured aerobically or anaerobically were examined. The EDL933 strain when cultured anaerobically (EDL933-anaerobic, median N2 lifespan = 9.0 ± 1.4 days, P < 0.0001) conferred the attenuated toxic phenotype compared to the same strain cultured aerobically (EDL933-aerobic, median N2 lifespan = 5.5 ± 0.7 days), and the EDL933:ΔsdhA-pWF134 strain when cultured anaerobically (EDL933:ΔsdhA-pWF134-anaerobic, median N2 lifespan = 9.0 ± 0.1 days, P < 0.0001) also conferred the attenuated toxic phenotype compared to the same strain cultured aerobically (EDL933:ΔsdhA-pWF134-aerobic, median N2 lifespan = 5.5 ± 0.7 days). c The survival of N2 worms fed with the wild-type OP50 strain (OP50) and the EDL933:ΔsdhA strain, cultured aerobically or anaerobically, were examined. Worms fed on anaerobic cultured OP50 (OP50-anaerobic, median N2 lifespan = 16.5 ± 0.7 days, P < 0.05) exhibited significant shorter lifespan compared to that on the aerobic culture control group (OP50-aerobic, median N2 lifespan = 18 ± 0.1 days). The survival of N2 worms fed on anaerobic cultured EDL933:ΔsdhA (EDL933:ΔsdhA-anaerobic, median N2 lifespan = 13.0 ± 2.8 days, P = 0.980) was similar to that on the same strain cultured aerobically (EDL933:ΔsdhA-aerobic, median N2 lifespan = 12.0 ± 1.4 days)