Table 2.
Adjusted and unadjusted ORs for factors associated with neonatal mortality according to socioeconomic and intermediate factors, analysis of South Sudan Household Survey, 2010 (n=8215)
| Variables | OR* | 95% CI† | P value | AOR‡ | 95% CI | P value |
| Intermediate determinants | ||||||
| Socioeconomic position | ||||||
| Community factors | ||||||
| Type of cluster | ||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Urban | 1.37 | (1.01 to 1.87) | 0.045 | 1.37 | (1.01 to 1.87) | 0.045 |
| Geographical location (regions) | ||||||
| Greater Upper Nile | 1.00 | |||||
| Greater Bahr el Ghazal | 1.00 | (0.70 to 1.14) | 0.984 | |||
| Greater Equatoria | 1.24 | (0.88 to 1.74) | 0.223 | |||
| Mean household wealth index in the cluster | 0.86 | (0.60 to 1.23) | 0.418 | |||
| Proportion of mothers with intermediate school education in the cluster | 1.52 | (0.36 to 6.54) | 0.571 | |||
| Mean number of antenatal care visits in the cluster | 0.84 | (0.01 to 1.34) | 0.493 | |||
| Percentage of deliveries assisted by trained birth attendants in the cluster | 0.91 | (0.40 to 2.06) | 0.812 | |||
| Percentage of mothers receiving postnatal care in the cluster | 1.26 | (0.37 to 4.22) | 0.713 | |||
| Household factors | ||||||
| Household wealth index | ||||||
| Wealthier | 1.00 | |||||
| Middle | 0.97 | (0.74 to 1.29) | 0.856 | |||
| Poor | 0.97 | (0.74 to 1.28) | 0.844 | |||
| Gender of household head | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | |||||
| Female | 0.99 | (0.78 to 1.25) | 0.931 | |||
| Education of the household head | ||||||
| Secondary+ education | 1.00 | |||||
| No education/primary education | 0.81 | (0.55 to 1.20) | 0.292 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Intermediate+ education | 1.00 | |||||
| Primary education | 0.71 | (0.39 to 1.29) | 0.260 | |||
| No education | 0.83 | (0.48 to 1.44) | 0.517 | |||
| Maternal literacy | ||||||
| Able to read | 1.00 | |||||
| Unable to read | 1.28 | (0.85 to 1.92) | 0.245 | |||
| Maternal marital status | ||||||
| Never married (single) | 1.00 | |||||
| Formerly married | 1.13 | (0.73 to 1.73) | 0.588 | |||
| Currently married | 1.1 | (0.78 to 1.56) | 0.587 | |||
| Polygamy status | ||||||
| Husband had one wife | 1.00 | |||||
| Husband had more than one wife | 1.04 | (0.81 to 1.34) | 0.736 | |||
| Individual’s circumstances | ||||||
| Maternal conditions/behaviours | ||||||
| Maternal age at her last birthday (years) | ||||||
| 20–34 | 1.00 | |||||
| 15–19 | 1.26 | (0.88 to 0.80) | 0.212 | |||
| 35–49 | 1.33 | (1.03 to 1.72) | 0.027 | |||
| Heard about family planning | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.27 | (0.96 to 1.69) | 0.100 | |||
| Ever had child who later died | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 4.06 | (3.15 to 5.24) | <0.001 | 3.74 | (2.88 to 4.87) | <0.001 |
| Cooking location | ||||||
| Kitchen | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Elsewhere in the house | 0.85 | (0.61 to 1.18) | 0.324 | 0.77 | (0.54 to 1.11) | 0.167 |
| Outdoors | 0.80 | (0.61 to 1.04) | 0.100 | 0.70 | (0.53 to 0.94) | 0.018 |
| Garbage disposal | ||||||
| Burning | 1.00 | |||||
| Dumping (throwing outside the house) | 0.98 | (0.77 to 1.14) | 0.835 | |||
| Mother experienced domestic violence in the past year. | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 0.99 | (0.75 to 1.30) | 0.926 | |||
| Neonatal condition | ||||||
| Neonatal gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | |||||
| Male | 0.97 | (0.78 to 1.21) | 0.798 | |||
| Family have access to improved source of drinking water | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | 1.76 | (1.10 to 2.81) | 0.019 | 1.91 | (1.11 to 3.31) | 0.02 |
| Family have access to improved sanitation facilities. | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | |||||
| No | 1.10 | (0.75 to 1.60) | 0.639 | |||
*Unadjusted odds ratio (OR).
†Confidence interval (CI).
‡Adjusted OR (AOR), and the odds ratio adjusted for all other variables in the table.