Table 1.

Summary of Selected^a Practical Solutions: Descriptions, Sources, and Primary Evaluation Method.

Name	Description	Sourceb	Evaluationc
Mixing and loading
• Metal mixing table	Table made with expanded metal top and metal legs	Manager built table to withstand weather and not absorb pesticides like wood	Audience participation and field test
• Splash shield (Figure 2)	Handlers look through acrylic sheet when measuring pesticides	EWG-designed splash shield as solution for eye splashes	EWG
• Premarked measuring containers	Fill marks on measuring containers	Manager taught handlers about US liquid units and reduced errors	Field test
Application and drift reduction
• Thermo-wind meter	Hand-held, battery-operated thermometer and anemometer	Handler recognized that weather conditions vary between nearby locations	Audience participation
• Convex side view mirror (Figure 2)	Mirror(s) are mounted on one or both the sides of the tractor	Handler devised to check spray patterns and reduce neck strain	Field test
• Scrub brush for washing (Figure 4)	Pressure washers often used to clean application equipment	EWG wanted to know if scrub brush or pressure washer cleaned best	Research team and EWG
• Sloping cement pad (Figure 5)	Raised pad provides a hard surface on which to scrub PPE	Manager built it so handlers did not need to bend over	External review
• Locker system (Figure 1)	Two locker rooms provided; one each for PPE and street clothes	Handlers with lockers had less cholinesterase depressiond	Research team
Emergency and sanitation facilities
• Ammunition box for eyewash (Figure 3)	Box attached to tractor; has cradle to secure emergency eyewash bottle	Manager adapted ammunition box used for storing tools on a tractor	Field test
• Spill contain with tubs	Plastic wash tubs used to separate and contain spills	The EWG suggested these as an easy alternative	External review
Reducing family exposure
• Dedicated vehicle for handlers	Vehicle used only by handler to drive to and from work. No one else rides in it	Two handlers concerned about work to home exposure	External review
• Vacuum station for vehicles	Station located at orchard; workers vacuumed cars before going home	Using a HEPA vacuum for car can decrease pesticide levels in home dustd	Research team
PPE suits, respirators, and boots
• PPE features, procedures, and research results to help pesticide handlers select the best PPE option for them.			EWG

Note. EWG = Expert Working Group; PPE = personal protective equipment.

^aComplete document is available in Spanish and English at http://depts.washington.edu/pnash/practical_solutions.

^bMost solutions were identified during farm site visits. Other sources are indicated in the table.

^cOnly the primary evaluation method(s) are listed. All solutions were reviewed with more than one method.

^dPacific Northwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center.^19,20