sHSP22 OX shows enhanced sensitivity to NPA and affects accumulation of PIN proteins. A, sHSP22 overexpression and vector control seedlings germinated vertically for 5 d with similar roots length were transferred to half-strength MS medium with or without 1 μm NPA and grown in a vertical position for additional 7 d (top) or 11 d (bottom). The dashed lines denote root length when transferred. Bar = 0.5 cm. B, Statistical analysis of the primary root growth in seedlings shown in A. The relative root growth percentage in NPA was normalized to that in half-strength MS medium. Error bars represent ±sd (n = 30), **P < 0.01. C, The distribution and localization of sHSP22-GFP recombinant protein in root tips of 5-d-old T3 homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. D, Distribution of proPIN1:PIN1-GFP, proPIN3:PIN3-GFP, proPIN4:PIN4-GFP, proPIN7:PIN7-GFP in Col-0, and sHSP22 overexpressing plants 4 d after germination. PI was used to stain the cell wall. Bar = 75 μm. E, Distribution of proPIN2:PIN2-GFP in Col-0 and sHSP22-overexpressing plants 4 d after germination. PI was used to stain the cell wall. Bar = 75 μm. F, Expression pattern of synthetic DR5rev:GFP reporter in Col-0 and sHSP22 overexpressing plants 4 d after germination. PI was used to stain the cell wall. Bar = 75 μm. G, Statistical analysis of fluorescence intensity for roots shown in D to F. Relative fluorescence intensity percentage in sHSP22 overexpressing plants was normalized to that in wild type as 100%. Error bars represent ±sd (n = 10), *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.