Mutation of DCC1 or CA2 results in increased ROS levels. A, Levels of ROS in calli of Col-0, dcc1, ca2, and dcc1ca2 on CIM and SIM at the indicated times by DAB staining. B, Relative ROS staining intensity in calli of wild-type Col-0, dcc1, ca2, and dcc1ca2 on CIM and SIM at the indicated times. C3 and C6 indicate calli cultured on CIM at 3 and 6 d, respectively. S4, S8, S12, and S16 indicate calli cultured on SIM at 4, 8, 12, and 16 d, respectively. se values were calculated from three sets of biological replicates, and more than 100 calli were examined in each replicate. Asterisks indicate significant differences: **, P < 0.01 (Student’s one-tailed t test). Bars = 500 µm.