Representative EPR-DEER data of GCAP1CL(E57C) (A), GCAP1CL(E133C) (C), and GCAP1CL(E154C) (E), and corresponding distance distributions of GCAP1CL(E57C) (B), GCAP1CL(E133C) (D), and GCAP1CL(E154C) (F). GCAP1 samples were in the Ca2+-free/Mg2+-bound state. Similar DEER data were observed for GCAP1 in the Ca2+-bound state. A nitroxide spin-label (MTSSL) was covalently attached to the sole Cys residue in each mutant. The distance distributions and average intermolecular distances were calculated on the basis of the DEER data as described in Methods. The bimodal distance distribution for GCAP1CL(E57C) suggest there are two populations of GCAP1 dimers with distinct structure near E57C. The DEER intermolecular distances were measured to be 26±3/50±5 Å (GCAP1CL(E57C) in panel B), 50 ±5 Å (GCAP1CL(E133C) in panel D), and 28 ±3 Å (GCAP1CL(E154C) in panel F).