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. 2017 Oct 5;2(19):e95367. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.95367

Figure 12. Cytokine levels in serum of MGUS and SM/MM patients with infectious pathogen–specific or EBNA-1–specific mc IgG.

Figure 12

Six cytokines were quantified in serum using Luminex technology (Bio-Plex 200) with Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Panel kits (Bio-Rad) in 3 different groups: healthy donors (HD, n = 9), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients (n = 34), and a group of 4 smoldering myeloma (SM) patients and 26 multiple myeloma (MM) patients (designated as MM; n = 30). The MGUS and SM/MM groups were subdivided according to the pathogen specificity of monoclonal (mc) IgG: patients with mc IgG specific for one of the infectious pathogens from the multiplex infectious-antigen array (MIAA) assay are designated as MIAA+ patients; all others are designated as MIAA– patients. Patients with EBV nuclear antigen-1–specific (EBNA-1–specific) mc IgG are designated as EBNA-1+ patients; all others are designated as EBNA-1–. The cytokines measured were (A) HGF, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-10, (D) IL-22, (E) IL-26, and (F) IL-33. Cytokine levels were measured in serum from MIAA+/– and EBNA1+/– MM patients. (G) Serum IL-33 levels of MIAA+/– and EBNA1+/– MGUS patients. Note that the scales for IL-33 concentrations are different in F and G. For a given patient, results are means of technical duplicate measurements, expressed in pg/ml. Median values of groups of patients are shown as bars; means are indicated with the + symbol. Normal cytokine values in blood of healthy donors are as follows: HGF, 63–1,283 pg/ml; IL-6, < 9 pg/ml (in our group of HD, one individual had 165.5 pg/ml IL-6); IL-10, < 2 pg/ml; IL-22, 0 pg/ml; IL-26 and IL-33, normal values are not defined. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 by ANOVA.