Table 1.
Overview of studies of hepatitis C reinfection
| Author, year | Years of Data Collection | Population | Location and Study Design | Recruitment | Number of subjects | No of reinfections | Reinfection Rate (per 100 PY (95% CI) or %) | Follow up Period (mean, median or total) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematic reviews and meta analyses | ||||||||
| Aspinall 2013 | PWID | Meta-analysis 5 studies |
131 | 7 | 2.4 (0.9–6.1) | |||
| Hagan 2015 | HIV infected MSM | Meta-analysis 2 studies |
170 | 38 | 11.4 (7.4–17.7) | |||
| Simmons 2016 | “Low risk” | Meta-analysis 31 studies |
7969 | 4 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | |||
| Simmons 2016 | High risk: PWID, incarcerated | Meta-analysis 14 studies |
771 | 36 | 1.9 (1.1–2.8) | |||
| Simmons 2016 | HIV/HCV coinfected | Meta-analysis 4 studies |
309 | 31 | 3.2 (0.0–12.3) | |||
| Interferon era studies | ||||||||
| Predominantly MSM studies | ||||||||
| Ingiliz 2014 | 2001 – 2013 | HIV infected MSM Acute HCV |
Retrospective Germany |
HIV and hepatitis care centers | 302 | 48 | 16% | Total: 12 Y |
| Ingiliz 2017 | 2002 – 2014 | HIV infected MSM Acute HCV |
Retrospective Europe |
Clinical centers within the NEAT network (European AIDS Treatment Network) | Total 606 SVC 111 SVR 494 |
149 | 7.3 7.3 7.8 |
Mean: 3.9 Y IQR 1.6–4.9 Y |
| Martin 2015 | 2002 – 2014 | HIV infected MSM | Retrospective United Kingdom |
Hospital based | 191 | 2002–2008 22 2008–2014 30 |
13.2 (8.7–20.1) 5.3 (3.7–7.6) |
Total: 589 PY |
| Vanhommerig 2014 | 2009 – 2014 | HIV infected MSM Acute HCV |
Retrospective Netherlands |
HIV outpatient clinic | 48 | 18 | 29% | Median: 4.0 Y IQR 2.5–5.7 Y |
| Predominantly PWID studies | ||||||||
| Weir 2016 | 1999 – 2012 | PWID | Retrospective Scotland |
Scottish HCV clinical database | 277 | 7 | 1.71 | Median 4.5 Y 410 PY |
| Islam 2017 | 1992 – 2013 | Retrospective British Columbia |
British Columbia Center for Disease Control PublicHealth database. |
5915 3690 (SVC) 2225 (SVR) |
452 402 50 |
1.27 1.59 0.48 |
Mean: 5.4 Y IQR: 2.9–8.7 Y |
|
| Pineda 2015 | 2001 – 2013 | HIV infectedPWID (93%) | Retrospective Spain |
Hospital based | 84 | 4 (total) 3 (PWID) 1 (MSM) |
1.21 Inhalational drug users 8.72 |
Mean: 2.8 Y Range: 1–12 Y |
| Midgard 2016 | 2004 – 2014 | PWID | Prospective Norway and Sweden |
RCT of short duration pegylated interferon and ribavirin in genotype 2 and 3 HCV | 94 | 12 | 1.7 Drug use relapsers 4.9 |
Median: 7.1 Y |
| Aitken 2016 | 2008 – 2014 | PWID, urban Acute |
Prospective Australia |
Community based PWID | 139 | 39 | 12.4 | 314.5 PY |
| Machouf 2015 | PWID (82%) | Prospective Canada |
Clinic based | 338 | 22 | Former PWID 1.7 Current PWID 3.6 |
Median:2.7 Y IQR 1.7–4.8 Y 1175 PY |
|
| Martinello 2016 | 2004–2015 | MSM (53%) PWID (70%) |
Prospective Australia and New Zealand |
Three prospective open-label studies of HCV treatment in recent (< 18 months) HCV infection | 120 | 10 | 7.4 | 135 PY |
| Young* 2017 | 2003 –2016 | HIV infected MSM PWID (74%) MSM (33%) |
Retrospective Canada |
HIV clinics across 6 Canadian provinces | 257 | 18 | 3.1 | Median 1.5 Y IQR 2.9–8.7 Y 589 PY |
| Oral DAA-era studies | ||||||||
| Dore 2016 | 2014–2016 | PWID on OST | Prospective International |
RCT of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients on OST (80% adherent to OST visits) | 301 | 6 | 4.6 | 24 weeks post EOT |
| Dore 2017 (A subset of Dore 2016) |
2014–2017 | PWID on OST | Prospective International |
RCT of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients on OST | 199 | 10 | 2.3 | 24 months post EOT |
*
51 of 257 patients received oral-DAA therapies
PWID-People who inject drugs
MSM-Men who have sex with men
EOT-End of treatment
OST-Opioid substitution therapy
Y-Years
PY-Person years