Table 1.

Means and ranges of seed traits for the parents and RILs, and broad-sense heritability estimates in RILs based on three replications grown at two locations during 2014–2016 in Manitoba, Canada

Traits	Years	Site	Parents		P value	RILs
			BK004	H68-4		Mean	Range	Heritability (%)b
Stone seed percentage (SSP)	2014	MO	0.5 ± 0.70	25.6 ± 4.04	**	9.45 ± 12.2	0–51	90.32
		CA	0.0 ± 0.00	24.3 ± 2.10	**	11.55 ± 15.5	0–64	95.24
	2015	MO	0.7 ± 1.15	23.6 ± 2.51	**	14.3 ± 21.9	0–95	90.29
		CA	–	–		–	–	–
	2016	MO	10.7 ± 8.50	37.3 ± 9.70	**	47.9 ± 32.0	0–100	94.23
		CA	21 ± 8.50	64.5 ± 27.60	**	51.9 ± 27.5	0–99	93.16
		H2CAa	2.0 ± 2.64	55.0 ± 8.70	**	27.4 ± 25.3	0–96	92.74
Hydration capacity (HC)	2014	MO	2.24 ± 0.14	1.93 ± 0.04	**	2.14 ± 0.23	1.49–2.86	94.85
		CA	2.21 ± 0.06	1.89 ± 0.06	**	2.05-0.25	1.44–2.81	97.10
	2015	MO	2.24 ± 0.05	1.74 ± 0.14	**	1.97 ± 0.32	1.21–2.48	90.43
		CA	–	–	–	–	–	–
	2016	MO	1.94 ± 0.14	1.61 ± 0.11	**	1.65 ± 0.34	1.16–2.41	95.02
		CA	1.89 ± 0.16	1.36 ± 0.07	**	1.58 ± 0.29	1.12–2.27	94.44
		H2CA	2.15 ± 0.09	1.46 ± 0.06	**	1.81 ± 0.30	1.10–2.32	94.93
L*	2016	MO	15.23 ± 0.53	16.58 ± 0.64	*	15.81 ± 0.64	14.25–17.87	29.71
		CA	15.38 ± 0.91	15.54 ± 0.29	NS	14.94–0.63	13.27–16.85	46.93
a*	2016	MO	0.38 ± 0.05	0.47 ± 0.04	NS	0.43 ± 0.11	0.14–0.82	72.69
		CA	0.38 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.03	NS	0.43 ± 0.10	0.15–0.72	81.10
b*	2016	MO	0.33 ± 0.12	0.82 ± 0.45	**	0.56 ± 0.27	− 0.29–1.52	56.28
		CA	0.24 ± 0.20	0.62 ± 0.02	*	0.55 ± 0.19	− 0.01–1.14	80.64
Visual score (VSC)	2016	MO	3.83 ± 0.28	1.83 ± 0.28	**	2.9 ± 0.72	1.0–4.5	70.33
		CA	4.0 ± 0.00	2.0 ± 0.00	**	3.12 ± 0.8	1.0–5.0	82.86
		H2CA	3.83 ± 0.28	2 ± 0.00	**	2.96 ± 0.97	1.0–4.5	77.19
100 seed wt. (SW)	2014	MO	21.69 ± 0.61	19.75 ± 0.87	NS	20.03 ± 1.58	16.22–24.59	88.46
		CA	22.76 ± 0.36	20.84 ± 0.25	**	21.74 ± 1.39	16.66–26.64	92.77
	2015	MO	20.87 ± 0.84	19.39 ± 0.18	*	20.10 ± 1.33	17.17–23.79	90.77
		CA	–	–	–	–	–	–
	2016	MO	23.73 ± 1.09	21.95 ± 0.75	NS	22.2 ± 1.58	17.5–26.64	85.33
		CA	23.24 ± 0.39	23.09 ± 0.13	NS	22.49 ± 1.32	19.1–26.31	82.14
		H2CA	22.73 ± 0.24	23.01 ± 0.63	NS	22.3–1.35	18.1–25.53	82.37
Seed yield (SY)	2014	MO	1633 ± 285	2398 ± 158	*	1452 ± 434	480–2603	65.76
		CA	1894 ± 618	2403 ± 243	NS	2070 ± 397	592–3235	77.06
	2015	MO	2430 ± 456	2632 ± 468	NS	1795 ± 652	125–4042	67.58
		CA	–	–		–	–	–
	2016	MO	1692 ± 550	2208 ± 683	NS	1476 ± 475	390–2778	77.46

MO Morden, CA Carman

^aH2CA indicates the data are based on seed samples collected from second harvest at the Carman site

^bHeritability values of SSP were calculated from the transformed values