Skip to main content
. 2018 Mar 7;18:17. doi: 10.1186/s12894-018-0318-7

Table 2.

Characteristics of case-control studies included in the meta-analysis

Studies Types of studies Case selection NO. of participants Collection of medication data (period) Age of cases, yr., mean (range) Sex of cases, % Type of drugs (reference group) Adjustment
Hallas, J. 2012 [17] Case control Review of data from the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR), the Danish National Registry of Patients (DNRP),the Prescription Database of the DanishMedicines Agency and the Danish Person Registry (2000–2005). 149, 417 Review of electronic medical records (1995 until cancer diagnosis) 69.4 Male (47.7), Female (52.3) Use of ARBs or ACEI (never-use of the durgs) (1)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a crude marker of heavy smoking; (2) inflammatory bowel disease; (3) a modified Charlson Index that contains 19 categories of comorbidity and each category has an associated weight based on the adjusted risk of 1 year mortality; (4) non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or hig dose aspirin, oestrogen hormone therapy, oral contraceptives, finasteride or statins.
Azoulay, L. 2012 [39] Nested case-control Review of data from General Practice Research Database (GPRD)in U.K. (1995–2010) 1,165,781 Review of computerized medical records (1995 until cancer diagnosis) 72.4 Male (52.7), Female (47.3) use of ARBs or ACEIs or CCBs or alpha-blockers(use of Diuretics and/or beta-blockers) Excessive alcohol use, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, previous cancer, and ever of aspirin, statins, and NSAIDs. In addition,cholecystectomy, inflammatory bowel disease and history of polyps for colorectal cancer; benign prostatic hyperplasia, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, and number of PSA tests for prostate cancer; oophorectomy, use of hormone replacement therapy, and prior use of oral contraceptives for breast cancer.
Kemppainen, K. J. 2011 [15] Case control Review of data from the Finnish Cancer Registry (1995–2002) 25,029 Review of the prescription database of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (1995 until cancer diagnosis) NA Males (100) use of ARBs or ACEIs or CCBs or alpha-blockers or beta-blockers or diuretics (Nonusers of any antihypertensive medication) Adjusted for age, place of residence, and use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, antidiabetic drugs, finasteride, or alpha-blockers.
Assimes, T. L. 2008 [34] Nested case-control Review of computerized database files of Saskatchewan Health (1980–2003) 11,697 Review of the linkable databases including the world’s oldest electronic prescription database (1978 until cancer diagnosis) 71.8 Male (53.2) Female (46.8) Use of β-blockers or CCBs or RAS inhibitors and never use of thiazide diuretics (use of thiazide diuretics and never use of β-blockers or CCBs or RAS inhibitors) Adjusted for age, all measured comorbid conditions, and exposure to all other classes of antihypertensive not of interest except for potassium sparing diuretics.
Ronquist, G. 2004 [35] Nested case-control Review of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) in U.K. (1995–1999) 243,331 Review of computerized medical records (1995 untilcancer diagnosis) 50–79 Males (100) Use of diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, CCBs, alpha-blockers and other antihypertensives (no use) Adjusted for age, calendar year, prostatism and and other variables.
Perron, L. 2004 [19] case-control Review of the source population in Quebec cancer registry (1993–1995) 13,326 Review of computerized medical records (1981 untilcancer diagnosis) 75.7 Males(100) Use of CCBs or ACEIs or beta-blockers or thiazidic diuretics and similars or others inlclusing vasodilatators and centrally acting adrenocep-tor antagonists. (no use) Adjusted for age, recent medical contacts, and Aspirin use
Vezina, R. M. 1998 [36] case-control Monthly contact with the tumor registrar and review of Massachusetts Cancer Registry for males less than 70 years of age diagnosed with prostate cancers in Massachusetts (1992–1995) 2617 Telephone interview (lifetime until cancer diagnosis) 64 Males(100) Use of CCBs or beta-blockers or ACEIs or Thiazides or others (no use) Age; race; level of education; family history of prostate cancer; dietary fat intake; BMI; alcohol, tobacco, and coffee use; urologic symptoms; and physician visits 2 years previously.
Rosenberg, L. 1998 [37] case-control Interviewed patients aged 40 to 69 years in Boston, Mass, New York, NY, Philadelphia, Pa,and Baltimore, Md (1976–1996) 16,005 Interview with standard questionnaires by trained nurse (lifetime until cancer diagnosis) 56(40–69) Males (41) Females (59) Use of CCBs or beta-blockers or ACEIs (no use) Age, BMI, interview year, annual visits to a physician 2 yr. before admission, smoking amount(pack year) for all cancers, and other additional risk factors for regressions for each cancer site)
Jick, H.1997 [11] Nested case-control Review of all hypertensive patients on the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) who were current users of beta-blockers only, ACEIs only, or CCBs only (with or without diuretics) and who had a first-time diagnosis of any cancer recorded in 1995. 2196 Review of computerized medical records (1987 until cancer diagnosis) 71.6 (NA) Males (49.6) Females (50.4) Use of CCBs (use of beta-blockers) Smoking, BMI, change of medication, duration of hypertension, and diuretic use

CCB calcium-channel blockers, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers, NA not available