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. 2018 Mar 8;15:73. doi: 10.1186/s12974-018-1100-1

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — GPNMB reduces inflammatory mediators in cultured astrocytes. a–b Gene expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6 (a) and gp91phox (b) in IMA cells (left panel) and PMAs (right panel). c H₂DCF-DA fluorescence intensity measuring intracellular ROS generation in IMA (left panel) and PMA (right panel) cells. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences between the different treatment groups or compared to the control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001)