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. 2018 Mar 7;16:51. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1426-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — No side effects were observed with rIL-18 administration for 2 weeks. To analyze the effects on renal function, mice were injected with rIL-18 twice a week for 2 weeks from 10 weeks of age (short-term treatment). Serum levels of BUN (a) and CREA (b) are shown. Data are mean ± SD (a, b: n = 8 per group). c Hematoxylin–eosin, d periodic acid–Schiff, and e periodic acid methenamine silver staining. Scale bars represent 50 μm (c–e). BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CREA: creatinine