Table 1.
Frequencies of patient characteristics and Pearsons or Fishers chi-square test of association between each characteristic and takotsubo cardiomyopathy in 258 patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and sex and age-matched controls with and without coronary artery disease
| Variable | TCM | Controls with CAD | Controls w/o CAD | P-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 258) | (n = 164) | (n = 243) | TCM | TCM | ||||
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | vs Controls | vs Controls | ||||
| Response rate (%) | Response rate (%) | Response rate (%) | with CAD | w/o CAD | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Men | 24 (9.3%) | 100 | 24 (14.6%) | 100 | 25 (10.3%) | 100 | ||
| Women | 234 (90.7%) | 100 | 140 (85.4%) | 100 | 218 (89.7%) | 100 | ||
| Characteristics | ||||||||
| Smoker | 39 (15.3%) | 98.8 | 51 (31.3%) | 99.4 | 13 (5.4%) | 98.4 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Erlier smoker | 99 (43.6%) | 88 | 49 (34%) | 87.8 | 102 (46.8%) | 84.5 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Heritability TCM | 12 (5%) | 93.4 | 39 (27.5%) | 86.6 | 30 (15.4%) | 80.2 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Heritability CHD | 66 (26.6%) | 96.1 | 60 (38%) | 96.3 | 81 (35.2%) | 94.7 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Stress | 185 (72.5%) | 98.8 | 70 (43.2%) | 98.8 | 117 (49.6%) | 97.1 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Emotional stress | 176 (70.1%) | 97.3 | 60 (37%) | 98.8 | 100 (43.1%) | 95.5 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Physical stress | 15 (6%) | 97.3 | 3 (1.9%) | 98.8 | 19 (8.2%) | 95.5 | p < 0.05 | n.s. |
| Nordic origin | 245 (92.2%) | 95 | 152 (94.7%) | 92.7 | 226 (95.6%) | 93 | n.s. | n.s. |
| Co-morbidity | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 98 (39.5%) | 96.1 | 63 (40.1%) | 95.7 | 110 (47.2%) | 95.9 | n.s | n.s |
| Hyperlidemia | 45 (18%) | 96.9 | 39 (24.2%) | 98.2 | 64 (27.6%) | 95.5 | n.s | p < 0.05 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (6.7%) | 98.4 | 24 (14.6%) | 100 | 14 (5.8%) | 98.8 | p < 0.01 | n.s |
| Asthma | 10 (3.9%) | 98.8 | 7 (4.3%) | 99.4 | 15 (6.2%) | 99.2 | n.s | n.s |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (3.9%) | 98.8 | 3 (1.8%) | 99.4 | 4 (1.7%) | 99.2 | n.s | n.s |
| Reumatism | 9 (3.6%) | 96.9 | 4 (2.5%) | 98.2 | 11 (4.6%) | 97.9 | n.s | n.s |
| Hypothyroidism | 24 (9.4%) | 98.8 | 11 (6.8%) | 98.8 | 16 (6.6%) | 99.2 | n.s | n.s |
| Medication | ||||||||
| Medication during disease presentation | 170 (67.2%) | 98 | 96 (58.9%) | 99.4 | 169 (72.5%) | 95.9 | n.s | n.s |
| Beta blockers | 34 (13.5%) | 97.7 | 22 (13.7%) | 98.2 | 45 (19.5%) | 95.1 | n.s | n.s |
| ACE inhibitors | 21 (8.3%) | 97.7 | 9 (5.6%) | 98.2 | 17 (7.4%) | 95.1 | n.s | n.s |
| ARBs | 24 (9.5%) | 97.7 | 8 (5%) | 98.2 | 19 (8.2%) | 95.1 | n.s | n.s |
| Diuretics | 16 (6.3%) | 97.7 | 10 (6.2%) | 98.2 | 21 (9.1%) | 95.1 | n.s | n.s |
| Antikoagulantia | 29 (11.5%) | 97.7 | 17 (10.6%) | 98.2 | 31 (13.4%) | 95.1 | n.s | n.s |
| Psyciatric drugs | 28 (11.1%) | 97.7 | 8 (5%) | 98.2 | 11 (4.8%) | 95.1 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 |
| Cortisone | 11 (4.4%) | 97.7 | 0 (0%) | 98.2 | 8 (3.5%) | 95.1 | p < 0.01 | n.s |
Abbreviations: TCM Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; CAD coronary artery disease; n.s non-significant; n = number of participants. Frequencies were calculated from available responses