Table 2.
Pathways affected in COPD patients compared to smokers with normal lung function
| Female Smoker vs COPD | Male Smoker vs COPD | Joint Smoker vs COPD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathways (background No.) | Hits | p-value | pFDRb | Hits | p-value | pFDRb | Hits | p-value | pFDRb |
| Oxidative phosphorylationa (211) | 12 | 6.0 × 10−6 | 3.3 × 10−4 | 3 | 0.06 | 0.21 | |||
| Citrate (TCA) cycle (64) | 6 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 2.9 × 10−3 | 3 | 1.7 × 10−3 | 0.02 | |||
| Glutathione metabolism (89) | 6 | 5.7 × 10−4 | 0.01 | 1 | 0.30 | 0.50 | |||
| FcγR-mediated phagocytosis (165) | 7 | 2.6 × 10−3 | 0.03 | 5 | 5.0 × 10−4 | 8.8 × 10−3 | |||
| Lysosomea (222) | 8 | 5.6 × 10−3 | 0.04 | 5 | 1.3 × 10−3 | 0.02 | |||
| Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (387) | 11 | 4.1 × 10−3 | 0.04 | 8 | 1.1 × 10−4 | 4.5 × 10−3 | |||
| Phagosome (287) | 8 | 1.5 × 10−2 | 0.10 | 5 | 4.3 × 10−3 | 0.04 | |||
| Fatty acid metabolism (94) | 4 | 2.1 × 10−2 | 0.13 | 2 | 7.8 × 10−3 | 0.29 | 3 | 5.4 × 10−3 | 0.05 |
| Focal adhesion (310) | 3 | 2.7 × 10−2 | 0.29 | 5 | 0.01 | 0.09 | |||
| Proteasome | 4 | 3.1 × 10−4 | 8.2 × 10−3 | ||||||
| Endocytosis | 7 | 1.9 × 10−3 | 0.03 | ||||||
Pathway enrichment analysis for female, male and joint gender comparisons of Smoker vs COPD groups were based on 145, 24 and 116 proteins driving the respective OPLS-DA models,. aThis pathway was detected in female COPD patients by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D–DIGE) analysis [15]; More significant pathways were found in female COPD patients for iTRAQ-based proteomics is a platform with higher resolution and more sensitiveness than 2D–DIGE. bFDR corrected p-value by Benjamini and Hochberg’s method; COPDs, smokers with COPD