TABLE 1.
Demographics and Clinical Risk Factors of Electrographic Sz
| Univariate | Multivariate | ||||||
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| Whole Cohort, n = 665 | EEG Sz, n = 151 | No EEG Sz, n = 514 | p | OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | |
| Center, YNHH | 290 (44%) | 72 (48%) | 218 (42%) | 0.264 | 1.2 [0.9–1.8] | ||
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| Duration, h | 44 [27–63] | 67 [48–102] | 39 [25–48] | <0.001 | N/A | ||
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| Age, yr | 63 [52–76] | 65 [52–76] | 63 [52–77] | 0.887 | N/A | ||
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| Gender, female | 336 (51%) | 81 (54%) | 255 (50%) | 0.406 | 1.2 [0.8–1.7] | ||
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| Acute brain injury | 399 (60%) | 87 (58%) | 312 (61%) | 0.509 | 0.9 [0.6–1.3] | ||
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| Remote brain injury | 93 (14%) | 32 (21%) | 61 (12%) | 0.005 | 2.0 [1.2–3.2] | 0.294 | 1.3 [0.8–2.2] |
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| History of Sz | 267 (40%) | 92 (61%) | 175 (34%) | <0.001 | 3.0 [1.7–5.1] | <0.001 | 3.1 [2.1–4.6] |
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| History of epilepsy | 60 (9%) | 26 (17%) | 34 (7%) | ||||
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| Acute clinical Sz | 246 (37%) | 83 (55%) | 163 (32%) | ||||
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| Coma | 129 (19%) | 40 (26%) | 89 (17%) | 0.014 | 1.7 [1.1–2.6] | 0.002 | 2.1 [1.3–3.2] |
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| Focal neurological deficit | 265 (40%) | 72 (48%) | 193 (38%) | 0.03 | 1.5 [1.1–2.2] | 0.090 | 1.6 [0.9–2.3] |
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| Admitted to an ICU | 569 (85%) | 125 (83%) | 444 (86%) | 0.29 | 0.8 [1.5–1.2] | ||
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| AEDs at CEEG onset | 331 (50%) | 107 (71%) | 224 (44%) | <0.001 | 3.1 [2.1–4.7] | ||
Data are presented as No. (%) or median [interquartile range]. Multivariate logistic regression model included the following variables: remote brain injury, history of Sz, coma, and focal neurological deficit. Multivariate model statistics: −2 log likelihood = 661.7; goodness-of-fit chisquare = 50.7; df = 4; p<0.001. Acute brain injury included intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 78), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 70), ischemic stroke (n = 52), traumatic brain injury (n = 51), subdural hematoma (n = 33), CNS infection (n = 32), CNS inflammatory disorder (n = 10), recent neurosurgery (n = 13), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (n = 6); other etiologies included CNS neoplasm (n = 54), toxic–metabolic encephalopathy (n = 103), sepsis (n = 58), seizure disorder (n = 92), and others (n = 13).
AED = antiepileptic drug; CEEG = continuous electroencephalogram; CI = confidence interval; CNS = central nervous system; EEG = electroencephalographic; ICU = intensive care unit; N/A = not applicable; OR = odds ratio; Sz = seizures; YNHH = Yale New Haven Hospital.