Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with coexisting COPD and DM during 2007–2010 by metformin use
| Patient characteristics | Metformin use
|
p-valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yesa (n=3,193) | Nob (n=8,067) | ||
| Age (years) | <0.0001 | ||
| 66–74 | 1,501 (47.01) | 2,737 (33.93) | |
| 75–84 | 1,400 (43.85) | 3,958 (49.06) | |
| 85+ | 292 (9.15) | 1,372 (17.01) | |
| Gender | 0.16 | ||
| Male | 1,042 (32.63) | 2,522 (31.26) | |
| Female | 2,151 (67.37) | 5,545 (68.74) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||
| White | 2,513 (78.70) | 5,775 (71.59) | |
| Non-white | 680 (21.30) | 2,292 (28.41) | |
| Dual eligibility | 1,268 (39.71) | 4,408 (54.64) | <0.0001 |
| Hospitalizations, prior year | <0.0001 | ||
| 0 | 2,474 (77.48) | 5,509 (68.29) | |
| 1 | 506 (15.85) | 1,592 (19.73) | |
| 2+ | 213 (6.67) | 966 (11.97) | |
| COPD complexity | 0.036 | ||
| Low | 2,354 (73.72) | 5,757 (71.36) | |
| Moderate | 704 (22.05) | 1,958 (24.27) | |
| High | 135 (4.23) | 352 (4.36) | |
| Complications of DM | 472 (14.78) | 2,697 (33.43) | <0.0001 |
| Uncontrolled DM | 672 (21.05) | 2,802 (34.73) | <0.0001 |
| Oxygen use, prior year | 371 (11.62) | 1,180 (14.63) | <0.0001 |
| Spirometry, prior year and following 2 years | 960 (30.07) | 2,319 (28.75) | 0.17 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| GERD, prior year | 382 (11.96) | 987 (12.24) | 0.69 |
| Anxiety/depression, prior year | 261 (8.17) | 639 (7.92) | 0.66 |
| CVD, prior year | 1,335 (41.81) | 4,011 (49.72) | <0.0001 |
| Sarcopenia, prior year | 4 (0.13) | 8 (0.10) | 0.70 |
| Osteoporosis, prior year | 149 (4.67) | 384 (4.76) | 0.83 |
| COPD medication, 2-year follow-up | 0.0001 | ||
| Long-acting medication only | 378 (11.84) | 834 (10.34) | |
| Short-acting medication only | 427 (13.37) | 1,329 (16.47) | |
| Both | 625 (19.57) | 1,598 (19.81) | |
| None | 1,763 (55.21) | 4,306 (53.38) | |
Notes:
a
Those who had coexisting COPD and DM and received prescription for metformin during 2007–2010.
b
Those who had coexisting COPD and DM and received antidiabetics prescription other than metformin, such as insulin, sulfonylurea, acarbose, exenatide, glucagon, miglitol, nateglinide, pioglitazone, pramlintide, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, saxagliptin, or sitagliptin during 2007–2010.
c
χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test for sarcopenia. Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.