Table 3.

Odds of ER visits and hospitalizations in patients with coexisting COPD and DM after the initial antidiabetic prescription during 2007–2010

Antidiabetic use	ER visits or hospitalizations odds ratio (95% confidence interval)a
	COPD-specific		All-cause
	COPD complexity		COPD complexity
	Low	Moderate/high	Low	Moderate/high
Metformin use
Nob	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yesc	0.66 (0.52–0.85)	0.82 (0.64–1.04)	0.73 (0.65–0.81)	0.72 (0.59–0.88)

Notes:

^aMultivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratio, adjusted by age, gender, race, dual eligibility, prior-year hospitalization, DM complexity, comorbidities (GERD, anxiety and depression, CVD, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis), prior-year oxygen use, and COPD maintenance medications use.

^bThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received antidiabetics prescription other than metformin, such as insulin, sulfonylurea, acarbose, exenatide, glucagon, miglitol, nateglinide, pioglitazone, pramlintide, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, saxagliptin, or sitagliptin during 2007–2010.

^cThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received prescription for metformin during 2007–2010.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ER, emergency room; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.