Table 4.

Odds of ER visits/hospitalizations in patients with coexisting COPD and DM after the index antidiabetic prescription during 2007–2010

Antidiabetics	ER visits or hospitalizations odds ratio (95% confidence interval)a
	COPD-specific		All-cause
	COPD complexity		COPD complexity
	Low	Moderate/high	Low	Moderate/high
Insulinb	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Metforminc	0.48 (0.35–0.67)	0.73 (0.53–1.01)	0.59 (0.50–0.69)	0.57 (0.42–0.78)
Sulfonyluread	0.60 (0.44–0.83)	0.81 (0.59–1.11)	0.69 (0.58–0.81)	0.68 (0.50–0.93)
Othere	0.70 (0.53–0.93)	0.94 (0.71–1.25)	0.86 (0.73–0.99)	0.85 (0.63–1.13)

Notes:

^aMultivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratio, adjusted by age, gender, race, dual eligibility, prior-year hospitalization, DM complexity, comorbidities (GERD, anxiety and depression, CVD, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis), prior-year oxygen use, and COPD maintenance medications use.

^bThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received prescription for insulin during 2007–2010.

^cThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received prescription for metformin during 2007–2010.

^dThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received prescription for sulfonylurea during 2007–2010.

^eThose who had coexisting COPD and DM and received antidiabetics prescription other than metformin, insulin, and sulfonylurea, such as acarbose, exenatide, glucagon, miglitol, nateglinide, pioglitazone, pramlintide, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, saxagliptin, or sitagliptin during 2007–2010.

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ER, emergency room; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.