Fig 1. Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree of Panicoideae obtained from BEAST analyses with the ndhF sequences, using the uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model and secondary calibrations based only on external angiosperm fossils (calibration scheme 1).

Red boxes indicate phylogenetic placement of Panicum species recovered outside subtribe Panicinae. Maximum likelihood bootstrap ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.9 are shown above/below the branches, respectively. Horizontal bars on the nodes indicate the 95% HPD of ages. Black circles to the right of taxon names indicate new sequences generated for this study. Subtribe Panicinae are shown in detail in Fig 2. Mya, million years ago; Pli, Pliocene; Plei, Pleistocene. Results from divergence time estimation using the calibration based in the external angiosperm fossils plus grass phytoliths (scheme 2) are shown in Supporting Information S1 Fig.