. 2018 Feb;53(2):144–159. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-334-16

Table 4. .

Between-Groups Comparisons and Cohen d Effect Sizes of Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Forces

Study	Task	ACL Reconstruction Sample Size	Comparison Group Sample Size	Mean ± SD			Landing Phase	Cohen d Effect Size (95% CI)	Weighted Effect Size
Study	Task	ACL Reconstruction Sample Size	Comparison Group Sample Size	ACL Reconstruction-Limb Vertical Ground Reaction Force	ACL Contralateral-Limb Vertical Ground Reaction Force	Healthy Vertical Ground Reaction Force	Landing Phase	Cohen d Effect Size (95% CI)	Weighted Effect Size
Paterno et al³⁹ (2011)	Double	56	42	1.77 ± 0.35	NA	2.01 ± 0.40	Peak	−0.64 (−1.05, −0.23)	−14.74
Paterno et al⁶² (2007)	Double	14	18	1.50 ± 0.30	NA	1.60 ± 0.20	Peak	−0.40 (−1.11, 0.30)	−3.11
Decker et al⁵⁰ (2002)	Double	11	11	3.16 ± 1.03	NA	4.00 ± 0.95	Peak	−0.85 (−1.72, 0.02)	−4.30
Combined pooled effect size (95% CI)									−0.62 (−0.94, −0.29)
Paterno et al³⁹ (2011)	Double	56	56	1.77 ± 0.35	2.16 ± 0.44	NA	Peak	−0.98 (−1.37, −0.59)	−24.55
Paterno et al⁶² (2007)	Double	14	14	1.50 ± 0.30	2.00 ± 0.60	NA	Peak	−1.05 (−1.84, −0.26)	−6.52
Dai et al⁴⁹ (2014)	Double	23	23	1.61 ± 0.47	2.02 ± 0.56	NA	Peak	−0.79 (−1.39, −0.19)	−8.44
Combined pooled effect size (95% CI)									−0.94 (−1.24, −0.63)
Vairo et al⁶⁶ (2008)	Single	14	14	3.72 ± 0.51	NA	5.11 ± 1.07	Peak	−1.66 (−2.52, −0.80)	−8.77
Ortiz et al⁶⁰ (2008)	Single	14	15	4.36 ± 0.76	NA	4.62 ± 0.55	Peak	−0.39 (−1.13, 0.34)	−2.80
Mohammadi et al⁵⁷ (2013), semitendinosis-gracilis autograft	Single	21	21	1.80 ± 0.50	NA	2.20 ± 0.40	Peak	−0.88 (−1.52, −0.25)	−8.48
Mohammadi et al⁵⁷ (2013), bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft	Single	21	21	1.50 ± 0.40	NA	2.20 ± 0.40	Peak	−1.75 (−2.46, −1.04)	−13.43
Combined pooled effect size (95% CI)									−1.15 (−1.77, −0.53)
Nyland et al⁵⁹ (2013), sometimes active	Single	26	26	3.00 ± 0.50	3.30 ± 0.60	NA	Peak	−0.54 (−1.10, 0.01)	−1.57
Nyland et al⁵⁹ (2013), moderately active	Single	24	24	3.20 ± 0.50	3.20 ± 0.40	NA	Peak	0.00 (−0.57, 0.57)	0.00
Nyland et al⁵⁹ (2013), highly active	Single	20	20	3.40 ± 0.40	3.50 ± 0.50	NA	Peak	−0.22 (−0.84, 0.40)	−0.60
Nyland et al⁵⁸ (2010), females	Single	35	35	3.12 ± 0.33	3.26 ± 0.33	NA	Peak	−0.42 (−0.90, 0.05)	−1.30
Nyland et al⁵⁸ (2010), males	Single	35	35	3.27 ± 0.36	3.42 ± 0.36	NA	Peak	−0.42 (−0.89, 0.06)	−1.28
Orishimo et al⁶¹ (2010)	Single	13	13	4.20 ± 1.50	4.70 ± 1.30	NA	Peak	−0.36 (−1.13, 0.42)	−0.84
Mohammadi et al⁵⁷ (2013), semitendinosis-gracilis autograft	Single	21	21	1.80 ± 0.50	2.50 ± 0.20	NA	Peak	−1.84 (−2.56, −1.12)	−4.58
Mohammadi et al⁵⁷ (2013), bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft	Single	21	21	1.50 ± 0.40	2.50 ± 0.20	NA	Peak	−3.16 (−4.07, −2.25)	−6.63
Vairo et al⁶⁶ (2008)	Single	14	14	3.72 ± 0.51	4.19 ± 0.94	NA	Peak	−0.62 (−1.38, 0.14)	−1.49
Combined pooled effect size (95% CI)									−0.79 (−1.31, −0.28)

Abbreviations: ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; CI, confidence interval; double, double-limb landing; NA, not applicable; single, single-limb landing.