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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2017;32:73–92. doi: 10.1007/7854_2016_39

Fig. 2. Electrophysiological signature of DA, METH, MEPH, MDPV, and cocaine at hDAT.

Fig. 2

(A–E) By employing the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique (TEVC), currents through hDAT elicited by external drug application (60 s duration, 10 μM) are measured in hDAT-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes voltage clamped to −60 mV. (A) DA induces a large inward peak current that returns to baseline when DA is removed. (B) METH and (C) MEPH elicit inward peak currents and induced persistent currents (enhanced current in the absence of drug). (D) MDPV exposure produces an outward, hyperpolarizing current similar to the current induced by (E) COC, which is a known reuptake inhibitor. The responses induced by MDPV and COC reveal the presence of an endogenous inward leak current typically uncovered with inhibitors. Figure adapted from Cameron et al. 2013.