Figure 4.

Symptoms of cytokine release syndrome. In most adoptive T-cell therapy patients, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) symptoms are mild and flu-like, with fevers and myalgias. However, some patients experience a severe inflammatory syndrome with potentially life-threatening complications of CRS, including cardiac dysfunction, adult respiratory distress syndrome, neurological toxicity, renal and/or hepatic failure, vascular leak, hypotension, pulmonary edema, and coagulopathy, resulting in multi-organ system failure (Brudno and Kochenderfer 2016).