Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the index myocardial infarction population 7 days after hospital discharge and for the stable post-myocardial infarction population 366 days after discharge
| Index MI | Stable post-MI | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 55 747 | n = 43 045 | |
| Age (IQR), years | 70 (20) | 68 (20) |
| Age groups, years | ||
| ≤49 | 4992 (9.0) | 4033 (9.4) |
| 50–59 | 8779 (15.7) | 7362 (17.1) |
| 60–69 | 13 277 (23.8) | 11 096 (25.8) |
| 70–79 | 14 153 (25.4) | 10 656 (24.8) |
| ≥80 | 14 546 (26.1) | 9898 (23.0) |
| Male | 35 609 (63.9) | 28 130 (65.4) |
| CAD severity | ||
| No significant stenosis | 4145 (7.4) | 4050 (9.4) |
| 1-VD | 15 122 (27.1) | 14 011 (32.5) |
| 2-VD | 7777 (14.0) | 6769 (15.7) |
| 3-VD | 7020 (12.6) | 5566 (12.9) |
| LMS | 1607 (2.9) | 1216 (2.8) |
| Missing data on CAD severity | 4223 (7.6) | 3.577 (8.3) |
| No performed CAG | 15 853 (28.4) | 7856 (18.3) |
| Co-morbidity | ||
| Prior MI | 4413 (7.9) | 3043 (7.1) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5526 (9.9) | 3541 (8.2) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 2239 (4.0) | 1739 (4.0) |
| Heart failurea | 19 750 (35.4) | 17 035 (39.6) |
| Arrhythmiab | 10 086 (18.1) | 8846 (20.6) |
| Shockc | 218 (0.4) | 190 (0.4) |
| Pulmonary oedema | 686 (1.2) | 526 (1.2) |
| Acute renal failure | 1073 (1.9) | 830 (.9) |
| Chronic renal failure | 1330 (2.4) | 1040 (2.4) |
| Diabetes mellitusd | 11 290 (20.3) | 9048 (21.0) |
| Cancer | 3852 (6.9) | 2959 (6.9) |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 1203 (2.2) | 980 (2.3) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4861 (8.7) | 3803 (8.8) |
| Anaemia | 3317 (6.0) | 2955 (6.9) |
| Infectione | 1245 (2.2) | 1087 (2.5) |
| Revascularization | ||
| PCI | 25 425 (45.6) | 24 050 (55.9) |
| CABG | 2331 (4.2) | 3644 (8.5) |
| No revascularization | 30 322 (54.4) | 16 201 (37.6) |
| Concomitant medicationf | ||
| β-Blockers | 41 712 (74.8) | 30 602 (71.1) |
| Lipid-lowering treatment | 41 971 (75.3) | 32 639 (75.8) |
| Aspirin | 46 540 (83.5) | 34 235 (79.5) |
| Nitrate | 16 030 (28.8) | 7489 (17.4) |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 34 882 (62.6) | 26 144 (60.7) |
| Clopidogrel | 34 802 (62.4) | 26 037 (60.5) |
| Ticagrelor | 0 | 4 (0.1) |
| Prasugrel | 97 (0.2) | 106 (0.3) |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 7528 (13.5) | 5901 (13.7) |
| Loop diuretics | 17 373 (31.2) | 14 185 (33.0) |
| Vitamin-K antagonist/NOAC | 4277 (7.7) | 2759 (6.4) |
| Spironolactone | 4562 (8.2) | 3248 (7.5) |
| NSAID | 16 207 (29.1) | 5016 (11.7) |
| PPI | 15 344 (27.5) | 9580 (22.3) |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Yearly family income in quintiles | ||
| 1 | 10 680 (19.2) | 7179 (16.7) |
| 2 | 10 538 (18.9) | 7322 (17.0) |
| 3 | 10 962 (19.7) | 8317 (19.3) |
| 4 | 11 626 (20.9) | 9688 (22.5) |
| 5 (highest) | 11 941 (21.4) | 10 539 (24.5) |
| Civil status | ||
| Married | 29 553 (53.0) | 23 968 (55.7) |
| Living with a partner | 3362 (6.0) | 2864 (6.7) |
| Living alone | 22 832 (41.0) | 16 213 (37.7) |
Continuous and categorical variables were expressed as median (IQR) and frequency (%), respectively.
MI, myocardial infarction; IQR, interquartile range; CAD, coronary artery disease; VD, vessel disease; LMS, left main stenosis; CAG, coronary angiography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; P2Y12, antiplatelet inhibitors; NOAC, new oral anticoagulants; NSAID, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
Heart failure was defined as any discharge code indicative of heart failure or use of loop diuretics.
Arrhythmia was defined as any discharge code indicative of cardiac arrest, paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and other cardiac arrhythmias.
Shock was defined as any discharge code indicative of cardiogenic, hypovolaemic, or other/unspecified shock.
Diabetes mellitus was defined as any discharge code indicative of diabetes mellitus or use of glucose-lowering drugs.
Infection was defined as any discharge code indicative of urinary tract infection and sepsis of bacterial or fungal origin.
Redeemed prescriptions of concomitant medication: from 365 days before until 7 days after discharge for the index MI population, from day 244 to day 365 after discharge for the post-MI population, except for loop diuretics and glucose-lowering drugs, which for the stable group covered the period from 365 before until 365 days after discharge.