TABLE 1.

History of smoking and use of snuff.

Variable	Sample	Rural					Urban
		HIV-positive		HIV-negative		p†	HIV-positive		HIV-negative		p‡
		n	%	n	%		n	%	n	%
History of smoking	RHP 88, RHN 452; UHP 164, UHN 244	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Never smoked	-	35	39.8	190	42.0	-	113	68.9	162	66.4	-
Currently smoke	-	36	40.9	179	39.6	0.81	39	23.8	52	21.3	0.55
Formerly smoked	-	17	19.3	83	18.4	-	12	7.3	30	12.3	-
History of use of snuff	RHP 87, RHN 449; UHP 164, UHN 244	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Never used snuff	-	68	78.2	346	77.1	-	111	67.7	170	69.7	-
Currently use snuff	-	15	17.2	79	17.6	0.93	41	25.0	62	25.4	0.92
Formerly used snuff	-	4	4.6	24	5.4	-	12	7.3	12	4.9	-

^†, p-value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative rural participants using chi-squared or Fischer’s exact test, as appropriate;

^‡, p-value for difference between HIV-positive and HIV-negative urban participants using chi-squared or Fischer’s exact test, as appropriate.

RHP, rural, HIV-positive; RHN, rural, HIV-negative; UHP, urban, HIV-positive; UHN, urban, HIV-negative.