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. 2018 Mar 8;8:4166. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22418-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of LMWH on Th cells. Effects of LMWH on Th cell phenotype (A), cytokine secretion (B) and viability and activation (C,D), measured as proportion (%) of viable cells and of lymphoblasts. CD4⁺ T cells, both unstimulated and stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs, were cultured for 3 days in the absence or presence of 1 or 10 IU LMWH. Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. (A,C,D) and as box plots (B) showing interquartile range (box) and range (whiskers). One way ANOVA and Sidak’ s test: *p < 0.05 (A). Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (B): *p < 0.05. One way ANOVA and Sidak’ s test (C,D); (A) n = 7, (B) n = 19 (un-exposed) and n = 17 (exposed to LMWH), (C) n = 18 (un-exposed and exposed to 1 IU LMWH in T cell stimulated samples), n = 13 (exposed to 1 IU LMWH in T cell unstimulated samples), n = 10 (exposed to 10 IU LMWH in T cell unstimulated samples), n = 15 (exposed to 10 IU LMWH in T cell stimulated samples), (D) n = 15.