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| Author | Number of patients | Number of controls | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armstrong [93] | 34 | 25 | NMR spectroscopy |
| Sheedy [94] | 108 | 177 | C13-labelled bacteria/metabolites for HPLC and NMR |
| Butt [98] | 27 | 4 | Specific metabolites |
Abbreviations: NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
