. 2018 Mar 9;38(2):BSR20171741. doi: 10.1042/BSR20171741

Table 1. Relevant studies about maternal resveratrol intake and metabolic health in offspring.

Resveratrol consumption	Intervention period	Species	Beneficial effects on pregnant females	Beneficial effects on offspring	Potential mechanism	References
A Western-style diet supplemented with 0.37% resveratrol	Throughout pregnancy	Nonhuman primates	- Resulted in maternal weight loss and improved glucose tolerance	- Fetal pancreatic mass was enlarged by 42%	May be driven by an eNOS-dependent mechanism	Roberts et al. [43]
			- Increased uterine artery volume blood flow	- A 12-fold increase in proliferation
			- Decreased placental inflammation and liver triglyceride deposition
Oral gavage with resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight per day)	Four weeks before pregnancy and during pregnancy	A genetic GDM model: C57BL/KsJ-Leptin (db/+) mouse	- Improved glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance, and reproductive outcome of the pregnant db/+ females	- Increased fetal survival and decreased body weight	- Enhanced AMPK activation	Yao et al. [44]
Oral gavage with resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight per day)	Four weeks before pregnancy and during pregnancy	A genetic GDM model: C57BL/KsJ-Leptin (db/+) mouse		- Increased fetal survival and decreased body weight	- Reduced production and activity of G6Pase	Yao et al. [44]
50, 100, and 200 μmol/l resveratrol incubation	6- and/or 24-h incubation	Human placenta	- Quenched inflammation induced by LPS	NA	- SIRT1 possessed anti-inflammatory actions	Lappas et al. [45]
200 μmol/l resveratrol incubation	20-h incubation	Human placenta, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle	- Reduced the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1 in human placenta and omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue	NA	- Restored the impaired insulin signaling pathway and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle	Tran et al. [46]
A high-fat diet with or without 0.2% (w/w) resveratrol	During pregnancy and lactation	C57BL/6 J mice	- Protected dams against body weight gain and fat accumulation	- Increased energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity	- Increased phosphorylated AMPKα levels, Sirt1, PRDM16, and other thermogenic genes protein contents	Zou et al. [47]
A high-fat diet with or without 0.2% (w/w) resveratrol	During pregnancy and lactation	C57BL/6 J mice	- Reduced the concentrations of triglycerides and insulin	- Enhanced white adipose tissue browning		Zou et al. [47]
Resveratrol (50 mg/l) in drinking water	During pregnancy and lactation	Wistar rats	- No difference in body weight at the end of lactation	- Reduced body weight, leptin, VAT and SCAT, with females being more affected	- Decreased fatty acid synthase expression in VAT	Ros et al. [48]
Resveratrol (50 mg/l) in drinking water	During pregnancy and lactation	Wistar rats	- No difference in body weight at the end of lactation		- An antiadipogenic effect	Ros et al. [48]
Resveratrol (30 mg/kg body weight/day)	8 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation	Wistar rats	NA	- Decreased body weight, subcutaneous and visceral fat mass, and adiposity	- Increased p-STAT3 content in the hypothalamus	Franco et al. [49]
Resveratrol (100 mg/kg body weight) was administered by gavage feeding	10 days (from day E3 to E12)	Sprague Dawley rats	- Decreased lipid accumulation including cholesterol by 41.74% and triglyceride by 60.64% and increased HDL in diabetic dams	- Prevented both oxidative stress and apoptosis in embryos	- Stimulation of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway	Singh et al. [50]
	10 days (from day E3 to E12)	Sprague Dawley rats		- Prevented both oxidative stress and apoptosis in embryos	- May attenuate the expression of HMG-CoA reductase	Singh et al. [50]
Resveratrol-supplemented diet (4 g/kg diet)	From gestational day 0.5 until postnatal day 21	Spontaneously hypertensive rat	- Had no effect on blood flow patterns in the maternal uterine arteries	- Mitigated the development of hypertension in adult offspring	- Improved nitric oxide bioavailability	Care et al. [51]
20 mg/kg per day and twice daily	During the whole pregnancy	Wistar albino rats	- Did not decrease blood pressure	NA	NA	Moraloglu et al. [52]
20 mg/kg per day and twice daily	During the whole pregnancy	Wistar albino rats	- No changes in blood flows and placental pathology parameters	NA	NA	Moraloglu et al. [52]
Resveratrol supplementation (4 g/kg diet)	For 9 weeks following weaning	Sprague–Dawley rats	NA	- Improved cardiac recovery from ischemia/reperfusion injury	- Unclear, without AMPK–ACC signaling activation	Shah et al. [53]
Resveratrol supplementation (4 g/kg diet)	For 9 weeks following weaning	Sprague–Dawley rats	NA	- Attenuated superoxide levels	- Unclear, without AMPK–ACC signaling activation	Shah et al. [53]

Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; E, embryonic; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; GDM:, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HMG-CoA, hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase; IL-1α, interleukin-1α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1; NA, not available; PRDM16, PR domain containing 16; p-STAT3, phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SCAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; SIRT, sirtuin; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.