Table 1.
Characteristics of research participants.
| CONT (n=20) | ALERT (n=23) | AIS (n=39) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 58.2 ± 13 | 56.8 ± 15.4 | 70.7 ± 14.8a,b |
| Female/male | 10/10 | 12/11 | 15/24 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 15 (75%) | 16 (70%) | 29 (74%) |
| African American | 2 (10%) | 4 (17%) | 8 (21%) |
| Hispanic | 2 (10%) | 3 (13%) | 2 (5%) |
| Indian | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 10 (50%) | 18 (78%) | 29 (74%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (25%) | 11 (48%) | 20 (51%) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | – | 13 (57%) | 27 (69%) |
| AFib, n (%) | – | 2 (9%) | 8 (21%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | – | 9 (39%) | 8 (21%) |
| Prior stroke, n (%) | – | 9 (39%) | 11 (28%) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | – | 29.8 ± 5.1 | 28.9 ± 6.5 |
| SBPp, mmHg, mean ± SD | – | 135.8 ± 19.8 | 156.7 ± 26.6c |
| DBPp, mmHg, mean ± SD | – | 75.9 ± 14.4 | 79.4 ± 16.6 |
| WBC, count*109/L, mean ± SD | – | 8.2 ± 3.2 | 9.4 ± 2.9 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean ± SD | – | 13.2 ± 2.1 | 13.3 ± 2.1 |
| Hematocrit, %, mean ± SD | – | 39.2 ± 6.2 | 39.9 ± 6.2 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, mean ± SD | – | 139.6 ± 3.3 | 139.6 ± 3.1 |
| Potassium, mmol/L, mean ± SD | – | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 4.2 ± 0.5 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL, mean ± SD | – | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| Glucose, mg/dL, mean ± SD | – | 151 ± 90.5 | 132.3 ± 43.0 |
| ProTime, seconds, mean ± SD | – | 13.6 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.1 |
| INR, ratio, mean ± SD | – | 1.04 ± 0.14 | 1.05 ± 0.10 |
| ACEip, n (%) | – | 4 (17%) | 7 (18%) |
| ARBp, n (%) | – | 5 (22%) | 4 (10%) |
| tPA treatment, n (%) | – | 5 (22%) | 25 (64%)b |
| % ejection fraction, median (IQR) | – | 60 (55–60) | 55 (55–60) |
| NIHSSp, median (IQR) | – | 4 (3–6) | 6 (3–12) |
| NIHSSd score, median (IQR) | – | – | 2 (1–5) |
| mRSd score, median (IQR) | – | – | 2 (1–3.25) |
| SBP72h, mmHg, mean ± SD | – | – | 146.2 ± 20.06 |
ACEip: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor previously prescribed; AFib: atrial fibrillation; AIS: acute ischemic stroke group; ALERT: stroke-alert group; ARBp: angiotensin receptor blocker previously prescribed; BMI: body mass index; DBPp: diastolic blood pressure at presentation; CONT: control group; Mimic: stroke mimic and transient ischemic attack group; INR: international normalized ratio; IQR: interquartile range; mRSd: modified Rankin scale; NIHSSp or d: national institutes of health stroke scale at presentation (p) or discharge (d); Protime: prothrombin time; SBPp: systolic blood pressure at presentation; SD: standard deviation; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator; WBC: white blood cell count.
P<0.01 versus control bP<0.01 versus mimic cP<0.05 versus mimic.