Table 4.

MiRNAs that regulate injury and repair processes in other organs.

miRNA LUNG	Expression	Target(s)	Model	Effect of miRNA	Citation
miR-146a	Upregulated by LPS	IRAK-1, TRAF-6	Rats	Overexpression of miRNA suppressed pro-inflammatory signals in alveolar macrophages	[154]
miR-155	Upregulated in ventilator- induced injury	C/EBPα	Mice	Inhibition of miRNA decreased BAL, cells in BAL and pro-inflammatory cytokines	[155, 156]
miR-21	Upregulated by ventilator- induced injury	BMPR2*, PTEN*	Mice	Inhibition of miRNA decreased BAL and improved oxygen exchange	[155]
miR-127	Downregulated by bleomycin	CD64	Mice	Overexpression reduced pro-inflammatory signals in vivo	[157]
SKIN
miR-31	Upregulated by wounding & TGF-α	EMP-1	Human	Overexpression of miRNA induced keratinocyte proliferation & migration	[158]
miR-132	Upregulated by wounding & TGF-α	HB-EGF	Human, mouse	Inhibition of miRNA prevented epithelialization in human and mouse wound model	[159]
miR-200b	Downregulated by wounding	GATA2, VEFGR2	Mice	Inhibition of miRNA mediated angiogenesis in vivo	[160]
miR-21	Upregulated in chronic wounds	LepR, EGR3	Rats, human	Overexpression of miRNA inhibited epithelialization in human & rat wound model	[161]
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
miR-21	Upregulated by TBI	PTEN*	Rat	Inhibition of miRNA increased apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis after injury	[162]
miR-23b	Downregulated in plasma of TBI patients & brain of rats	ATG12	Rats, human	Overexpression of miRNA reduced apoptosis, lesion volume & edema in brain	[163]
miR-223	Upregulated in injured spinal cord	GluR2*	Rats	Inhibition of miRNA reduced apoptosis and improved motor function	[164]
miR-497	Upregulated by cerebral ischemia	Bcl-2, Bcl-w	Mice	Inhibition of miRNA reduced infarct volume, improve neurological score	[165]

Asterisk (*) represents that only correlation between miRNA and target was shown, not direct interaction. BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TBL: traumatic brain injury