Figure 5.

AOPPs induce HK-2 cell injury. HK-2 cells were cultured in control medium, native BSA (200 µg/ml) and 100, 200 and 400 µg/ml AOPPs for 24 h, or 200 µg/ml of AOPPs for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. (A) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that AOPP treatment increases the expression of KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA. (B) ELISA assays revealed that AOPP treatment ≥200 µg/ml induced a significant increase in KIM-1 and NGAL expression following 24 h. Data is expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. Ctrl. AOPPs, advanced oxidation protein products; BSA, bovine serum albumin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecular; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; ctrl, control.