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SEM images showing the morphology of birch samples at low and high resolutions. Untreated (a, b), steam-exploded (c, d), HL (e, f) and HL birch after AD (g, h). The droplets representing lignin re-orientation/pseudo-lignin formation (d) and honey-comb-like holes (h; may represent microbial attack on the lignin surface) are marked with red circles
