Appendix Table 1.
Success of randomization: Mean values of key indicators at baseline by treatment status
| Treatment | Control | Difference (T-C) |
P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head female (%) | 83.6 | 82.4 | 1.2 | 0.60 | |
| Head age (%) | 56.3 | 58.3 | −2.0 | 0.40 | |
| Head ever attended school (%) | 32.0 | 33.3 | −1.3 | 0.82 | |
| Head literate (%) | 20.7 | 19.4 | 1.3 | 0.73 | |
| Head widow (%) | 41.3 | 43.9 | −2.6 | 0.53 | |
| Head never married (%) | 3.0 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 0.79 | |
| Numbers of persons in household | 4.6 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 0.79 | |
| Per capita expenditure (MWK) | 43,780 | 46,465 | −2,685 | 0.47 | |
| Expenditure per cap < poverty line (%) | 91.6 | 89.3 | 2.3 | 0.26 | |
| Eat only one meal/day (%) | 20.3 | 22.1 | −1.8 | 0.68 | |
| Cultivate land (%) | 95.7 | 95.7 | 0.0 | 0.99 | |
| Sell Crops (%) | 21.3 | 21.7 | −0.4 | 0.91 | |
| Own an enterprise (%) | 23.5 | 26.0 | −2.5 | 0.58 | |
| Work ganyu labor (%) | 59.5 | 57.5 | 2.0 | 0.72 | |
| Work wage labor (%) | 5.7 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 0.46 | |
|
| |||||
| Observations | 1,678 | 1,853 | |||
| Clusters | 14 | 15 | |||
Notes: No significant differences found between T and C groups. P-values based on T-tests with standard errors clustered at the VC level.