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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mov Disord. 2018 Mar;33(3):372–390. doi: 10.1002/mds.27344

Figure 4. Algorithm for the management of constipation in patients with synucleinopathies.

Figure 4

Management includes non-pharmacological approaches, removal of aggravating factors (e.g., opioids), fiber supplements, stool softeners, and pharmacotherapy with laxatives. The asterisk (*) denotes non-pharmacological and pharmacological agents tested in clinical trials of patients with Parkinson disease. Enemas and manual disimpactions may be required in severely affected patients (not shown in algorithm).