Table 2.
Disease severity and management measures, by COPD subtypes
| Characteristics | Study population | Symptom-based COPD % (95% CI) | Doctor-diagnosed COPD % (95% CI) | Symptom-based or doctor-diagnosed COPD % (95% CI) |
| Participants | 1586 | 612 | 1193 | 1586 |
| Lung function (mean±SD) | ||||
| FEV1 (L) | 1.8±0.1 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.7±0.1 | 1.8±0.1 |
| FVC (L) | 2.6±0.2 | 2.7±0.2 | 2.5±0.2 | 2.6±0.2 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 67.1±2.5 | 68.3±2.4 | 65.6±2.6 | 67.1±2.5 |
| CAT score | ||||
| <10 | 882 | 50.1 (48.7 to 51.5) | 54.2 (53.2 to 55.2) | 55.6 (54.8 to 56.5) |
| 10–20 | 514 | 32.9 (31.6 to 34.2) | 33.0 (32.0 to 33.9) | 32.4 (31.6 to 33.2) |
| >20 | 190 | 17.0 (15.9 to 18.1) | 12.8 (12.2 to 13.5) | 12.0 (11.4 to 12.5) |
| Awareness of condition and treatment | ||||
| Well informed | 295 | 13.8 (12.9 to 14.8) | 20.7 (19.9 to 21.5) | 18.6 (17.9 to 19.3) |
| Inadequately/poorly informed | 1114 | 72.2 (71.0 to 73.5) | 69.8 (68.9 to 70.7) | 70.2 (69.5 to 71.0) |
| Do not know | 177 | 13.9 (13.0 to 14.9) | 9.4 (8.9 to 10.0) | 11.2 (10.6 to 11.7) |
| Self-reported severity of chronic lung disease | ||||
| Mild | 713 | 44.0 (42.6 to 45.3) | 41.1 (40.1 to 42.1) | 45.0 (44.1 to 45.8) |
| Moderate | 578 | 35.0 (33.7 to 36.4) | 38.1 (37.1 to 39.1) | 36.4 (35.6 to 37.3) |
| Severe | 295 | 21.0 (19.8 to 22.1) | 20.8 (20.0 to 21.6) | 18.6 (17.9 to 19.3) |
| Vaccination (last 12 months) | ||||
| No | 1527 | 95.8 (95.3 to 96.4) | 96.0 (95.6 to 96.4) | 96.3 (96.0 to 96.6) |
| Yes | 59 | 4.2 (3.6 to 4.7) | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.4) | 3.7 (3.4 to 4.0) |
| Influenza vaccination | 54 | 3.5 (3.0 to 4.0) | 3.8 (3.4 to 4.2) | 3.4 (3.1 to 3.7) |
| Pneumococcal vaccination | 14 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| Healthcare professional consultations (last 12 months) | ||||
| No | 721 | 56.7 (55.3 to 58.1) | 37.0 (36.0 to 37.9) | 45.5 (44.6 to 46.3) |
| Yes | 865 | 43.3 (41.9 to 44.7) | 63.0 (62.1 to 64.0) | 54.5 (53.7 to 55.4) |
| General physician | 536 | 27.9 (26.6 to 29.1) | 38.9 (38.0 to 39.9) | 33.8 (33.0 to 34.6) |
| Respiratory specialist | 305 | 13.7 (12.7 to 14.7) | 23.2 (22.4 to 24.1) | 19.2 (18.6 to 19.9) |
| Cardiologist/heart specialist | 74 | 3.9 (3.3 to 4.4) | 5.3 (4.9 to 5.8) | 4.7 (4.3 to 5.0) |
| Traditional Chinese medicine doctor | 132 | 7.2 (6.5 to 7.9) | 9.7 (9.1 to 10.3) | 8.3 (7.9 to 8.8) |
| Other medical professional | 104 | 5.7 (5.0 to 6.3) | 7.3 (6.8 to 7.8) | 6.6 (6.1 to 7.0) |
| Hospitalisation for COPD (last 12 months) | ||||
| None | 1333 | 87.4 (86.5 to 88.3) | 81.3 (80.5 to 82.1) | 84.7 (84.1 to 85.4) |
| One | 182 | 8.6 (7.8 to 9.4) | 14.2 (13.5 to 14.9) | 11.6 (11.0 to 12.1) |
| ≥Two | 58 | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.5) | 4.5 (4.1 to 5.0) | 3.7 (3.4 to 4.0) |
| Oxygen therapy at home (last 12 months) | ||||
| No | 1523 | 96.7 (96.1 to 97.2) | 96.5 (96.1 to 96.9) | 97.2 (96.9 to 97.5) |
| Yes | 44 | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.9) | 3.5 (3.1 to 3.9) | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.1) |
| Medication for COPD exacerbation (last 12 months) | ||||
| No | 1072 | 71.8 (70.6 to 73.1) | 62.4 (61.5 to 63.4) | 67.6 (66.8 to 68.4) |
| Yes | 514 | 28.2 (26.9 to 29.4) | 37.6 (36.6 to 38.5) | 32.4 (31.6 to 33.2) |
| Antibiotics | 483 | 26.5 (25.3 to 27.7) | 35.5 (34.6 to 36.4) | 30.5 (29.7 to 31.2) |
| Oral steroids | 107 | 6.1 (5.4 to 6.8) | 7.9 (7.4 to 8.4) | 6.7 (6.3 to 7.2) |
| Injectable steroids | 70 | 3.0 (2.5 to 3.4) | 5.4 (5.0 to 5.9) | 4.4 (4.1 to 4.8) |
| Number of COPD exacerbations after medication | ||||
| None | 1185 | 77.4 (76.3 to 78.6) | 70.4 (69.5 to 71.3) | 74.7 (74.0 to 75.4) |
| One | 202 | 8.4 (7.6 to 9.2) | 15.5 (14.8 to 16.2) | 12.7 (12.2 to 13.3) |
| ≥Two | 199 | 14.2 (13.2 to 15.2) | 14.1 (13.4 to 14.8) | 12.5 (12.0 to 13.1) |
| Prescribed medication (last 7 days) | ||||
| No | 1447 | 90.8 (89.9 to 91.6) | 89.8 (89.2 to 90.4) | 91.2 (90.7 to 91.7) |
| Yes | 139 | 9.2 (8.4 to 10.1) | 10.2 (9.6 to 10.8) | 8.8 (8.3 to 9.3) |
| Short-acting bronchodilators | 25 | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.5) | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.2) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.8) |
| Long-acting bronchodilators | 16 | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) |
| Oral bronchodilators | 19 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4) |
| Any inhalers | 11 | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.8 (0.6 to 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) |
| Traditional Chinese medicine | 33 | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.5) | 2.6 (2.3 to 2.9) | 2.1 (1.8 to 2.3) |
| Other treatments | 94 | 6.4 (5.7 to 7.1) | 6.7 (6.2 to 7.2) | 5.9 (5.5 to 6.3) |
*All data standardised for region, age group and gender as appropriate. Short-acting bronchodilators (short-acting beta2-agonist/short-acting muscarinic antagonist); long-acting bronchodilators (long-acting beta2-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist).
CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity.