TABLE 1—
Observed Increases and Decreases in 8 Practices Related to Support of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Youths, by State: United States, 2008–2014
| State | Practices That Increased (No.) | Practices That Decreased (No.) |
| Alabama | Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Health services, Social and psychological services (5) | Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (2) |
| Alaska | None (0) | None (0) |
| Arizona | None (0) | None (0) |
| Arkansas | Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment (2) | None (0) |
| California | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD (4) | None (0) |
| Colorado | Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment (2) | None (0) |
| Delaware | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD (4) | Curricula or materials (1) |
| Georgia | Safe spaces, Social and psychological services, Curricula or materials (3) | None (0) |
| Hawaii | None (0) | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Health services, Social and psychological services, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (8) |
| Idaho | Curricula or materials (1) | None (0) |
| Indiana | GSA, Safe spaces, Encourage PD, Curricula or materials (4) | None (0) |
| Kentucky | GSA (1) | None (0) |
| Maine | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Social and psychological services, Curricula or materials (5) | Teacher PD (1) |
| Maryland | Safe spaces, Teacher PD (2) | None (0) |
| Massachusetts | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Health services, Social and psychological services, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (8) | None (0) |
| Michigan | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Teacher PD (5) | None (0) |
| Minnesota | GSA, Safe spaces (2) | None (0) |
| Mississippi | None (0) | None (0) |
| Missouri | Safe spaces (1) | None (0) |
| Montana | Safe spaces, Health services, Curricula or materials (3) | Teacher PD (1) |
| Nebraska | None (0) | None (0) |
| Nevada | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Health services, Social and psychological services, Teacher PD (7) | None (0) |
| New Hampshire | GSA, Safe spaces, Prohibit harassment, Encourage PD, Health services, Social and psychological services, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (8) | None (0) |
| New Jersey | GSA, Safe spaces, Encourage PD, Curricula or materials (4) | None (0) |
| New York | GSA (1) | None (0) |
| Ohio | Safe spaces (1) | None (0) |
| Oklahoma | GSA, Safe spaces, Social and psychological services (3) | None (0) |
| Oregon | Safe spaces, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (3) | None (0) |
| Pennsylvania | Curricula or materials (1) | None (0) |
| Rhode Island | Safe spaces, Encourage PD, Teacher PD (3) | Health services (1) |
| South Carolina | Safe spaces (1) | Teacher PD (1) |
| Utah | None (0) | None (0) |
| Vermont | GSA, Safe spaces, Health services, Social and psychological services, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (6) | None (0) |
| Virginia | None (0) | Encourage PD (1) |
| Washington | Safe spaces (1) | |
| West Virginia | Safe spaces (1) | None (0) |
| Wisconsin | GSA, Prohibit harassment, Curricula or materials (3) | None (0) |
| Wyoming | Safe spaces, Encourage PD, Teacher PD, Curricula or materials (4) | GSA (1) |
Note. GSA = gay–straight alliance; PD = professional development. The 8 practices are (1) GSA: having a student-led club that aims to create a safe, welcoming, and accepting school environment for all youths, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity; (2) Safe spaces: identifying safe spaces (e.g., a counselor’s office, designated classroom, or student organization) where LGBTQ youths can receive support from administrators, teachers, or other school staff; (3) Prohibit harassment: prohibiting harassment based on a student’s perceived or actual sexual orientation or gender identity; (4) Encourage PD: encouraging staff to attend professional development on safe and supportive school environments for all students, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity; (5) Health services: facilitating access to providers not on school property who have experience in providing health services to LGBTQ youths; (6) Social and psychological services: facilitating access to providers not on school property who have experience in providing social and psychological services to LGBTQ youths; (7) Teacher PD: lead health education teacher received professional development during the two years before the survey on teaching students of different sexual orientations or gender identities; (8) Curricula or materials: school provided curricula or supplementary materials that included HIV, sexually transmitted disease, or pregnancy prevention information that is relevant to LGBTQ youths. Neither principal nor teacher questionnaire data are presented for Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Texas. Principal data are not presented for Utah. Teacher data are not presented for Alaska, Colorado, New York, Oklahoma, and Washington.