TABLE 1—

Percentage of Children Experiencing a CPS Referral, a CPS Investigation, Confirmed Maltreatment, and Foster Care Placement Birth to 5 Years and Birth to 18 Years: United States (Various Years, 2000–2014) and New Zealand (1998–2015)

Age and Location	CPS Referral, %	CPS Investigation, %	Confirmed Maltreatment, %	Foster Care Placement, %
By 18 y
United States^1–3	. . .	37.0	12.0–15.1	4.8–5.9
New Zealand^b	23.5	. . .	9.7	3.1
By 5 y
United States^1–3	. . .	15.9	6.6	2.6
California birth cohort⁴	8.3	14.0	5.3	2.2
NCANDS^a	. . .	. . .	5.9	2.5
New Zealand^b	. . .	. . .	2.7	1.2

Note. CPS = Child Protective Services; NCANDS = National Child Abuse and Neglect Monitoring System.

^{^a}

Author’s unpublished analyses of Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System and NCANDS data from California.

^{^b}

From Rouland and Vaithianathan (p. 511).