Table 6. Mandates Increased Detection of Earliest Stage In-Situ Pre-Cancers.
SEER 1985–2000, Adult Women 25–74
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD | DD+linear trends | DD+quadratic trends | DDD | |
| Scaled Mandate Specification | ||||
| Annual=1; Biennial=.5; Baseline=.2 | 0.199 (0.024)** [0.048]** | 0.214 (0.026)** [0.036]** | 0.216 (0.028)** [0.032]** | 0.156 (0.014)** [0.000]*** |
| R-squared | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.96 |
| N | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 |
|
| ||||
| Any Mandate Specification | ||||
| Treated by any mammography mandate | 0.265 (0.015)** [0.000]*** | 0.283 (0.017)** [0.000]*** | 0.287 (0.018)** [0.000]*** | 0.256 (0.006)*** [0.000]*** |
| R-squared | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.96 |
| N | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 |
|
| ||||
| Expanded Specification | ||||
| Treated by mandate for baseline mammogram | 0.321 (0.025)** [0.000]*** | 0.333 (0.028)** [0.000]*** | 0.326 (0.032)** [0.000]*** | 0.328 (0.046)** [0.024]** |
| Treated by mandate for biennial mammogram | 0.288 (0.032)** [0.000]*** | 0.304 (0.030)** [0.000]*** | 0.307 (0.028)** [0.000]*** | 0.250 (0.035)** [0.000]*** |
| Treated by mandate for annual mammogram | 0.242 (0.017)** [0.004]*** | 0.262 (0.018)** [0.004]*** | 0.268 (0.019)** [0.016]** | 0.235 (0.004)*** [0.000]*** |
| R-squared | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.96 |
| N | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 | 1,440 |
Notes: Each entry shows the coefficient from a separate regression model. The dependent variable is one plus the log of the number of breast cancer diagnoses to women in various age groups using SEER-9 data. Though not shown, all models also include various fixed effects (column 1: state and year; column 2: state, year and state specific time trends; column 3: state, year, and a quadratic in state specific time trends; and column 4: state by age group, state by year, and age group by year fixed effects). All models include dummies for the relevant populations of women in the age group. Models in columns 1–4 include all the state-level Xs discussed in the text.
significant at 10%;
significant at 5%;
significant at 1%.
Standard errors throughout are clustered at the state level; p-values for this process are reported in parentheses; p-values calculated using Wild Bootstrap are in brackets.