Effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals for change in (a) average daily steps and (b) total weekly minutes of MVPA in bouts at 3 months, 12 months, and 3 years (PACE-UP) and 4 years (PACE-Lift). Effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values were obtained from multilevel linear regression models (see Methods). 3 months: p < 0.001 for all PACE-UP and PACE-Lift steps and MVPA intervention effects. 12 months: p < 0.001 for PACE-UP steps and PACE-UP MVPA; p = 0.02 for PACE-Lift steps and p < 0.001 for PACE-Lift MVPA. 3 years: p < 0.01 for PACE-UP steps and PACE-UP MVPA postal group; p = 0.03 for PACE-UP MVPA nurse group. 4 years: p = 0.17 for PACE-Lift steps and p = 0.02 for PACE-Lift MVPA. MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PACE-Lift, Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation-Lift; PACE-UP, Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation-UP.