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. 2018 Mar 5;9:90. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00090

Table 1.

Identified risk factors for ischemic stroke.

Chronic risk factors
 Acute risk factors/triggers
Modifiable Non-modifiable

  • Hypertension

  • Diabetes

  • Dyslipidemia

  • Obesity

  • Atrial fibrillation

  • Cardiovascular diseases

  • Other cardiac events

  • Asymptomatic carotid stenosis

  • Sickle-cell disease

  • Metabolic syndrome

  • Sleep apnea

  • Migraine

  • Hyperhomocysteinemia

  • Hypercoagulability

  • Elevated lipoprotein

  • Postmenopausal hormone therapy

  • Cigarette smoking

  • Heavy alcohol abuse

  • Drug abuse

  • Diet and nutrition

  • Physical inactivity

  • Age

  • Gender

  • Low birth weight

  • Race/ethnicity

  • Genetic factors

  • Infections

  • Psychological/mental stress

  • Negative emotions

  • Sudden changes in posture

  • Winter season

  • Diurnal fluctuations

  • Air pollution

  • Surgery

  • Medications

  • Cervical accident and manipulation

  • Pregnancy and postpartum states