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. 2018 Mar 5;11:70. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00070

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Copyright © 2018 Tao, Zhou, Zhao and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Contradictory effects of methylglyoxal (MG) for seizure treatment. In the brain, MG inhibits epileptic seizures by activating extrasynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptors. The inflammatory effects of downstream advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are mediated by their receptor receptor of AGEs (RAGE), which can induce epileptic seizures. As illustrated above, miRNAs are molecules with the potential to reconcile the conflicting effects of MG and alleviate epileptic seizures by synergistically targeting both glyoxalase I (GLO1) to increase the GABAergic effects of MG and RAGE to inhibit the inflammatory effects of AGEs.