Table 2.

Biological activities of polygonumins A, vanicoside A and vanicoside B.

	PolygonuminsA		Vanicoside A	Vanicoside B
Biological activity		IC50 (µg/ml)a
Cytotoxic activity	HCT116 Doxorubicineb C33A Doxorubicine H1299 Doxorubicine MCF7 Doxorubicine A549 Doxorubicine K562 Doxorubicine V79-4 cells	3.24 ± 0.73 2.97 ± 0.17 36.84 ± 7.16* 0.90 ± 0.1 4.71 ± 0.68* 10.12 ± 0.35 2.87 ± 0.28* 0.52 ± 0.1 — 3.13±0.11 2.25 ± 0.24 2.13 ± 0.54 >50	—	Inhibitory effects on two-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin tumor48
			Compound isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum showed Cyototoxic activity againts MCF cell line18	Compound isolated from Polygonum pensylvanicum showed Cyototoxic activity againts MCF cell line18
Antioxidant Activity (DPPH scavenging activity) (Total Phenolic Content (mg GAE/g) (Reducing Power Assay (EC50 (µg/ml))	Polygonumins A Gallic acidb Ascorbic acidb Polygonumins A Polygonumins A Gallic acid	812.83 ± 41.11* 35.48 ± 1.03 63.12 ± 1.11 124.0625 ±0.88 89.3 ± 2.3 59.3 ± 0.58	Isolation from Polygonum hydropiper showed significant DPPH scavenging activity at 26 μg/ml49 —	—
Anticholinesterase activity	Polygonumins A Tacrineb	1980 ± 25.02* 2.54 ± 0.01	—	Anticholinesterase activity at 90 μg/ml was reported in Polygonum sachalinensis33
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity	n.d			Inhibitory activity was observed at 225 μg/ml in Polygonum sachalinense33
β-glucosidase Inhibitory activity	n.d		IC 50 of 59.8 μg/ml was observed in Polygonum sachalinense50	IC 50 of 48.3±1.39 was observed in Polygonum sachalinense50
Antimicrobial activity	n.d		Compound isolated from Polygonum sachalinense showed antimicrobial activity againts fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida51	Isolated from Polygonum sachalinense showed antimicrobial activity againts fish pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida51

^aData are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; ^bPositive control.

n.d not determined.

*Significant p < 0.05 between positive control and tested compound.