Table 2.
UPAVAN trial outcomes
| Outcome | Indicator |
|---|---|
| Primary outcomes | |
| Child dietary diversity | • Percentage of children (6–23 months of age) consuming ≥ 4 out of 7 food groups per day (assessed by 24-h recall answered by the mother or female primary caregiver) |
| Maternal underweight | • Mean body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) of non-pregnant, non-postpartum (gave birth > 42 days ago) mothers or female primary caregivers of children aged 0–23 months |
| Secondary outcomes | |
| Maternal dietary diversity | • Percentage of mothers or female primary caregivers consuming ≥ 5 out of 10 food groups per day (24-h recall) [50] |
| Child wasting | • Percentage of children (aged 0–23 months) who are wasted (weight for height < -2 SD) |
| Other outcomes | |
| Maternal wasting | • Percentage of pregnant and non-pregnant mothers or female primary caregivers with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 230 mm [51] |
| Child acute malnutrition | • Percentage of children (aged 6–23 months) with acute malnutrition (MUAC < 125 mm) [52] |
| Maternal and child haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations | • Mean Hb (g/dl) of children (6–23 months of age) |
| • Mean Hb (g/dl) of non-pregnant mothers or female primary caregivers | |
| Infant and young child feeding practices | • Percentage of children (aged 6–23 months) receiving the World Health Organization-recommended Minimum Acceptable Diet [53] |
| Women’s decision-making | • Percentage of women ‘empowered’ in women’s decision-making in productive and health-related domains, aggregated, measured using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index |
| Women’s time use | • Percentage of women ‘empowered’ in the women’s time use domain of the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index [54] |
| Gender parity in agriculture | • Percentage of women achieving gender parity between themselves and a male household member, defined using the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index |
| Household economic status and food security | • Mean per capita household share of food expenditures |
| • Mean per capita total household expenditures | |
| Household agriculture production | • Mean production diversity (count of the number of crops or livestock produced) [55] • Total value of agricultural production • Net value of agricultural production (= value of agricultural production – costs) |