Table 3.
Subgroup analyses of zinc level and heart failure (HF).
| Subgroup | Numberof studies | SMD (95% CI) | Test of SMD = 0 | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z | p for Z | I 2 | p for I2 | |||
| Geographical location | ||||||
| Europe | 16 | −0.832 (−1.119, −0.545) | <0.001 | 5.68 | 76.1% | <0.001 |
| Asia | 10 | −0.408 (−0.761, −0.055) | 2.27 | 0.023 | 51.0% | 0.031 |
| America | 1 | −1.920 (−2.456, −1.384) | <0.001 | 7.02 | NA | NA |
| Subgroups of HF | ||||||
| ICM patients | 5 | −0.577 (−1.353, 0.199) | 1.46 | 0.145 | 88.9% | <0.001 |
| IDCM patients | 8 | −0.562 (−0.804, −0.320) | 4.55 | <0.001 | 0.0% | 0.504 |
| Other HF patients | 14 | −0.924 (−1.267, −0.581) | 5.28 | <0.001 | 78.6% | <0.001 |