Table 2.
Adjusted## odds ratios (95% CI) for advanced (3, 4, and 5) versus early (1 and 2) stages of CKD by use of each class of medication.
| Model: class med$ | 1999–2004 odds ratio (95% CI) |
2005–2008 odds ratio (95% CI) |
2009–2012 odds ratio (95% CI) |
p # |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE I | ||||
| Overall | 1.08 (0.69–1.70) | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 0.67 (0.43–1.04) | 0.1574 |
| Polytherapy | 0.93 (0.57–1.52) | 0.83 (0.60–1.15) | 0.74 (0.46–1.20) | 0.5417 |
| Monotherapy | 1.59 (0.91–2.80) | 1.06 (0.65–1.73) | 0.70 (0.33–1.48) | 0.0713 |
| ARB | ||||
| Overall | 0.67 (0.36–1.23) | 1.30 (0.87–1.94) | 2.52 (1.32–4.80) | 0.0069 |
| Polytherapy | 0.55 (0.29–1.03) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | 2.63 (1.37–5.07) | 0.0023 |
| Monotherapy | 1.97 (0.63–6.18) | 1.66 (0.83–3.31) | 1.39 (0.56–3.46) | 0.6575 |
| BB | ||||
| Overall | 1.05 (0.71–1.57) | 1.19 (0.87–1.61) | 1.34 (0.82–2.17) | 0.4637 |
| Polytherapy | 1.05 (0.67–1.65) | 1.23 (0.89–1.69) | 1.43 (0.91–2.27) | 0.3490 |
| Monotherapy | 0.98 (0.43–2.28) | 0.88 (0.47–1.64) | 0.78 (0.29–2.13) | 0.7414 |
| CCB | ||||
| Overall | 1.28 (0.85–1.93) | 1.17 (0.86–1.59) | 1.08 (0.67–1.72) | 0.5953 |
| Polytherapy | 1.14 (0.73–1.78) | 1.22 (0.88–1.70) | 1.31 (0.77–2.22) | 0.7036 |
| Monotherapy | 1.24 (0.63–2.46) | 0.78 (0.45–1.36) | 0.49 (0.24–1.02) | 0.0359 |
| DIU | ||||
| Overall | 1.27 (0.81–2.00) | 1.49 (1.13–1.98) | 1.76 (1.16–2.67) | 0.3344 |
| Polytherapy | 1.37 (0.88–2.13) | 1.65 (1.24–2.20) | 1.99 (1.29–3.06) | 0.2665 |
| Monotherapy | 0.31 (0.11–0.91) | 0.30 (0.12–0.73) | 0.29 (0.06–1.29) | 0.9288 |
| Number of Classes med >1 (polytherapy) versus = 1 (monotherapy) | ||||
| Combination | 1.12 (0.74–1.70) | 1.73 (1.30–2.30) | 2.67 (1.74–4.09) | 0.0063 |
$ACEI = Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; ARB = Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; BB = β-blockers; CCB = Calcium Channel Blockers; DIU = Diuretics; #PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC was used to test the trend; ##Adjusted for: age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking status diabetes, and albuminuria; NOTE. Significant associations and p-values with level of significance α = 0.05 are presented in bold.